Ion channel arrays

ABSTRACT

The invention relates to ion channel arrays, method of producing such an array, including the primer sets and kits comprising the ion channel array. The invention also relates to a subset of methods for the evaluation of ion channel expression profiles using the ion channel array such as expression profile of a certain biological material, several biological materials and to identify therapeutic, prophylactic and/or toxic agents involved either directly or indirectly in the response of the ion channel expression.

FIELD OF INVENTION

[0001] The invention relates to ion channel arrays, methods for production of ion channel arrays, primers used in the production of ion channel arrays and kits containing ion channel arrays and further to the use of such ion channel arrays in methods for the determination of expression profiles in biological materials in which there is an interest in the expression of ion channel polynucleotides.

BACKGROUND OF INVENTION

[0002] Different kinds of arrays have become increasingly important tools in the biotechnology industry and related fields. These arrays have a plurality of polynucleotide spots deposited on a solid surface in form of an array. Arrays of both polypeptides and polynucleotides have been developed and find use in a variety of applications. One of the applications is differential gene expression, where expression of genes in different cells or tissues (normally a control sample and a sample of the cell or tissue of interest) is compared, and any difference in the mRNA expression profile is determined.

[0003] In gene expression analysis using arrays, an array of “probe” nucleotides is contacted with a nucleic acid sample of interest such as mRNA concerted into cDNA from a particular tissue or cell. Contact is carried out under hybridisation conditions favourable for hybridisation of nucleic acids complementary to the “probe” nucleotides on the array. Unbound nucleic acid is then removed by washing. The resulting pattern of hybridised nucleic acid provides information regarding the gene expression profile of the sample tested on the array. Gene expression analysis is used in a variety of applications including identification of novel expression of genes, correlation of gene expression to a particular tissue or a particular disease, identifying effects of agents on the cellular expression such as in toxicity testing and in identifying drugs.

[0004] A variety of different array techniques have been developed during the years in order to meet the growing demands from the biotechnology industry see, e.g., Lockhart et al., Nature Biotechnology (1996) 14: 1675-1680, Shena et al., Science (1995) 270: 467-470 and in WO 98/51789. However, there is still a need-for-new improved arrays having specific applications.

[0005] We hereby provide a completely new array capable of determining the polynucleotide expression profile of ion channel polynucleotides in a biological material.

BRIEF DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

[0006] The object of the invention is to provide ion channel arrays, kits comprising ion channel arrays and methods to produce such ion channel arrays. The ion channel arrays may be used for the determination of ion channel expression profiles in biological materials and also for the identification of therapeutic, prophylactic and/or toxic agents, where the therapeutic, prophylactic and/or toxic agents directly or indirectly influence the ion channel expression profiles in biological materials.

[0007] Accordingly, in a first aspect the invention relates to an ion channel array comprising a multiplicity of individual ion channel polynucleotide spots stably associated with a surface of a solid support, wherein an individual ion channel polynucleotide spot comprises an ion channel polynucleotide composition comprising a non-conserved region of an ion channel polynucleotide family member, the spots representing at least two different regions of an ion channel polynucleotide member of a family.

[0008] In another aspect, the invention relates to a method of preparing an array according to the invention, said method comprising generating said non-conserved regions of ion channel polynucleotide family members, preparing a multiplicity of compositions each comprising at least a non-conserved region, and stably associating said compositions in individual spots on a surface of a solid support.

[0009] In a further aspect, the invention relates to a set of primers specific for non-conserved regions of ion channel polynucleotide family members, wherein the set of primers are used in the method for the production of an array according to the invention.

[0010] In still a further aspect, the invention relates to a method for the determination of an ion channel polynucleotide expression profile in a biological material, said method comprising, obtaining a polynucleotide from the biological material, labelling said polynucleotide to obtain a labelled target polynucleotide sample, contacting at least one labelled target polynucleotide sample with an array according to the invention under conditions which are sufficient to produce a hybridisation pattern, and detecting said hybridisation pattern to obtain the ion channel polynucleotide expression profile of the biological material.

[0011] In still a further aspect, the invention relates to a method for the determination of a difference in ion-channel polynucleotide expression profiles from at least a first and a second different biological materials, said method comprising obtaining a first ion channel expression profile of the first biological material according to the method of the present invention obtaining a second ion channel expression profile of the second biological material according to the method of the present invention, comparing the first and the second ion channel expression profile to identify any differences in the ion channel expression profiles between the first and the second ion channel expression profile.

[0012] In still a further aspect, the invention relates to a method for identifying a therapeutic, prophylactic and/or toxic agent involved in the response of ion channel polypeptides in a biological material, said method comprises obtaining a first ion channel expression profile of a first biological material according to the method of the present invention, obtaining a second ion channel expression profile of a second biological material according to the method of the present invention, treating the second biological material with a test compound; obtaining a third ion channel expression profile of the treated second biological material according to the method of the present invention, comparing the first, second and third ion channel expression profiles, and identifying any difference in the ion channel expression profile so as to identify any therapeutic, prophylactic or toxic response of the test compound on the ion channel polynucleotide in the second biological material.

[0013] In still a further aspect, the invention relates to a diagnostic method to determine the differences of ion channel expression profiles between two different biological materials; said method comprises obtaining a first ion channel expression profile of a first biological material according to the method of the present invention, obtaining a second ion channel expression profile of a second biological material according to the method of the present invention, comparing the first and second ion channel expression profiles, and identifying any difference in the ion channel expression profile.

[0014] In a final aspect, the invention relates to an ion channel kit for use in a hybridisation assay, said kit comprising an ion channel array according to the present invention.

[0015] The invention provides completely novel and improved ion channel arrays, kits comprising ion channel arrays and methods to produce such ion channel arrays. Ion channel arrays are useful in the determination of ion channel expression profiles in biological materials and also in the identification of therapeutic, prophylactic and/or toxic agents; the therapeutic, prophylactic and/or toxic agent may directly or indirectly influence the ion channel expression profiles in biological materials.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0016] The present invention provides a novel ion channel array. The ion channel array comprises e.g. a slide onto which polynucleotide spots are applied and the polynucleotide spots represent one or more ion channel families or family members. Preferably, the polynucleotides (or fragments of polynucleotides) spotted on the slides have been chosen in such a way that the polynucleotides have specificity for more than one species such as, e.g., humans, rats and mice, i.e. there is a certain interspecies identity, and at the same time, the polynucleotides chosen from an ion channel family member preferably have a certain degree of non-identity with other family members belonging to the same ion channel family, i.e. there is a relatively low intrafamily identity. By choosing the polynucleotides in such a manner, the use of an ion channel array of the invention makes it possible to obtain information relating to an ion channel family in general (and not only to a specific ion channel family member) and at the same time it is possible to compare and utilize information relevant for different species, cf. below.

[0017] Having an ion channel array containing polynucleotides spots with specificity for e.g. human, rat and mouse makes it possible to use the ion channel array on both human, rat and mouse derived biological material. It is therefore envisaged that the use of an ion channel array according to the present invention will lead to a better understanding of e.g. the pathogenesis of different ion related conditions or diseases in humans, since it is possible to compare biological material from humans with relevant biological material from e.g. well-known disease models in e.g. rats and mice.

[0018] If an ion channel is contemplated to be involved in the pathogenesis of a human related disease (e.g. as evidenced by the results of an analysis of RNA extracted from biopsies) the present invention makes it possible to confirm such a hypothesis by employing an ion channel array according to the invention. In such a case disease models in e.g. rats and mice are used and biological material obtained from e.g. diseased and healthy rats and/or mice is assayed by means of an ion channel array of the invention. In the same manner it is possible to confirm a hypothesis that an ion channel is involved in the pathogenesis in a disease model in e.g. rat or mouse (e.g. evidenced by analysis of RNA extracted from relevant tissue) also is associated with the condition in human. In such a case, RNA extracted from e.g. human biopsies is assayed by means of an ion channel array according to the invention and compared with the results from assays employing the relevant biological material from the diseased (and healthy) animals.

[0019] As mentioned above, the spotted polynucleotides on the array of the invention have a certain cross-specificity to e.g. both human, rat and mouse. Samples from other species (e.g. pigs, dogs, chickens, cows and the like) can also be analysed on the ion channel array. This makes it possible to analyse tissue from other species with an unknown disease and compare it tissue from well known e.g. neurological as well as other disease models in mice and rate. Such an approach leads to a better understanding of diseases in other species and initiates therapeutic strategies for e.g. economically expensive disease present in e.g. animal households.

[0020] Definitions

[0021] In the context of the present application and invention the following definitions apply:

[0022] The term “polynucleotide is intended to mean a single or double stranded polymer composed of nucleotides, e.g. deoxyribonucleotides and/or ribonucleotides from about 30 to about 9,000 nucleotides in length, from about 50 to about 6,000, from about 50 to about 3,000, from about 50 to about 1,500, from about 50 to about 1,000, from about 100 to about 1,000, from about 200 to about 750, from about 200 to 700, from about 200 to 500 or from about 300 to about 350. The polynucleotides may be single or double stranded polynucleotides.

[0023] The term “complementary” or “complementarity” is used in relation to the base-pairing rules of nucleotides well known for a person skilled in the art. Polynucleotides may be complete or partial complementary. Partial complementarity means that at least one nucleic acid base is not matched according to the base pairing rules. Complete complementarity means that all nucleotides in a polynucleotide match according to the base pairing rules. The degree of complementary between polynucleotides affects the strength of hybridisation between two polynucleotide strands. The inhibition by hybridisation of the complementary polynucleotide to the target polynucleotide may be analysed by techniques well known for a person skilled in the art, such as Southern blot, Northern blot, and the like under conditions of high stringency. A partially (substantially) homologous polynucleotide will compete for and inhibit the binding of a completely homologous sequence to the target sequence under low stringency.

[0024] The term “homology” is intended to mean the degree of identity of one polynucleotide to another polynucleotide. According to the invention the term homology is used in connection with complementarity between polynucleotides within a family or between species. There may be complete homology (i.e. 100% identity) between two or more polynucleotides. The degree of homology may be determined by any method well known for a person skilled in the art.

[0025] The term “polynucleotide composition” is intended to mean a composition comprising a polynucleotide together with an excipient. The polynucleotide compositions are applied as spots on the array. The ion channel polynucleotide composition comprises a non-conserved region of an ion channel polynucleotide family member. The term “polynucleotide composition” includes also control or calibrating compositions such as, e.g. compositions comprising polynucleotides corresponding to housekeeping genes.

[0026] The term “non-conserved region” is intended to mean a segment of nucleotides in a polynucleotide, which compared to a segment of nucleotides in another polynucleotide has at the most about 90% identity. A non-conserved region of an ion channel polynucleotide family member is thus defined as a region of nucleotides corresponding to part of the polynucleotide, and the non-conserved region has less than 90% such as, e.g. less than 85% less than about 80%, less than about 75% or less than about 70% identity compared to all other polynucleotides belonging to the same ion channel polynucleotide family (intrafamily identity).

[0027] Accordingly, the term “conserved region” is intended to mean a segment of nucleotides in a polynucleotide, which compared to a segment of nucleotides in another polynucleotide has more than 90%, such as at least about 92%, at least about 95% or at least about 97% identity.

[0028] The term “ion channel” is intended to mean one or more polypeptides having the ability to transport ions across biological membranes. The ion channels are classified upon their ion specificity, biological function, regulation or molecular structure. Examples of ion channels are voltage-gated ion channels, Gap-junction ion channels, ligand-gated ion channels, heat-activated ion channels, intracellular ion channels, ion channels gated by intracellular ligands such as cyclic nucleotide-gated channels or calcium-activated ion channels, and any other polynucleotides encoding polypeptides capable of transporting ions across biological membranes. Ion channels are direct or indirect targets for the action of compounds, such as drugs.

[0029] The term “ion channel polynucleotide” is intended to mean a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide involved in transporting ions over biological membranes. In addition, there may be several polynucleotides encoding different polypetides all involved in creating the ion channel and in transporting ions across biological membranes.

[0030] The term “ion channel polynucleotide composition” is intended to mean a polynucleotide composition, wherein the polynucleotide is a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide involved in transporting ions over biological membranes.

[0031] The term “ion channel family” is intended to mean a group of ion channel polypeptides, which have common characteristics such as, e.g. ion specificity (i.e. the ability to transport a specific ion species across a biological membrane with almost the same transport rate and to transport specific ion species in the same rank) and tertiary amino acid structure. Each family comprises individual members each having structural variations but they fulfil the requirements mentioned above with respect to being classified as a family. An example of an ion channel family is e.g. the voltage-dependent Cl⁻ channels, the CIC family (see also Example 1).

[0032] The term “ion channel polynucleotide family” is intented to mean polynucleotides encoding polypeptides of an ion channel family”. The polynucleotides may generally be found and downloaded from Genbank or EMBL (www.ncbi.nih.org).

[0033] The term “intrafamily identity” is intended to mean identity within a group of embers belonging to the same family.

[0034] The term “interspecies identity” is intended to mean identity between a group of different species, such as a group comprising humans, mice and rats.

[0035] The terms “expression profile”, “differential expression profile” or “gene expression profile” are intended to mean the expression of the mRNAs in a biological material. While an expression profile encompasses a representation of the expression level of at least one mRNA, in practice the typical expression profile represents the expression of several mRNAs. For example, an expression profile used according to the present invention represents the expression levels of at least from about 1 to 50,000 or more different mRNAs in a biological material. The expression level of the different mRNAs is the same or different. The expression of mRNAs may be up- or down regulated resulting in different expression profiles.

[0036] The term “biological material” includes within its meaning organisms, organs, tissues, cells or biological material produced by a cell culture. The biological material may be living or dead. The material may correspond to one or more cells from the organisms, in case the organism is a multicellular organism, the material may correspond to one or more cells from one or more tissues creating the multicellular organism. The biological material to be used according to the invention may be derived from particular organs or tissues of the multicellular organism, or from isolated cells obtained from a single or multicellular organism. In obtaining the sample of RNAs to be analysed from the biological material from which it is derived, the biological material may be subject to a number of different processing steps. Such steps might include tissue homogenisation, cell isolation and cytoplasma extraction, nucleic acid extraction and the like and such processing steps are generally well known for a person skilled in the art. Methods of isolating RNA from cells, tissues, organs or whole organisms are known to those skilled in the art and are described in Maniatis et al., Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual (Cold Spring Harbour Press) (1989). The biological material may be of the same kind i.e. the biological material is of the same kind of origin, such as coming from the same type of tissue, the same organism or the same type of organism or the same cell type etc.

[0037] The term “organism” is intended to mean any single cell organism such as yeast or multicellular organism, including plants, fungi and animals, preferably mammals, such as humans, rats, pigs, cows, horses, dogs, guinea pigs, ferrets, rabbits, sheep, apes, monkeys and cats.

[0038] The term “target polynucleotides” is intended to mean polynucleotides present in the biological material of interest. The target polynucleotide encodes a polypeptide, which is at least a part of an ion channel. If the target polynucleotide has a complementary polynucleotide present on the ion channel array, it will hybridise thereto and thus give rise to a detectable signal.

[0039] The term “non-overlapping” is intended to mean that when the ion channel polynucleotide regions used in the ion channel polynucleotide composition spots are obtained from the same polynucleotide, the regions are obtained from different parts of the polynucleotide and the different parts are located in such a manner that the regions not even overlap each other by a single nucleotide. In a polynucleotide of e.g. 1,000 nucleotides the regions 1-500 and 501-900 are non-overlapping. The non-overlapping ion channel polynucleotide regions may be located with a distance of one or more nucleotides from each other.

[0040] The term “primer” is intended to mean a polymer of 3-50 nucleotides.

[0041] The term “set of primers” is intended to mean one or more primers having the ability to amplify an ion channel polynucleotide region under suitable conditions. The length of the primers may be the same or different and dependent on the character of the ion channel polynucleotide region to be amplified. Design of such a set of primers is well known for a person skilled in the art. The set of primers having a sufficient length to specifically hybridise to a distinct ion channel polynucleotide in the sample and the length of the primers will be from about 3 to 50 nucleotides.

[0042] The term “stressed state and stressed” is intended to mean that the above described “biological material” is influenced compared to the normal condition. When an expression profile is obtained from a stressed biological material it is different compared to a non-stressed biological material. The biological material may be influenced by some kind of organic/inorganic compound, an environmental agent, a drug substance, pathogen, mutagen, mitogen, receptor mediated signal or the like. Normally, the biological material is influenced in such a manner that the expression profile of the ion channel polynucleotides in the biological material either directly or indirectly is affected resulting in at least one difference between the expression profile of the non-stressed biological material compared to the stressed biological material.

[0043] Methods of comparing the homology between different polynucleotides and/or parts of different polynucleotides irrespective of whether the parts are conserved or non-conserved regions are well known in the art. The polynucleotides may either belong to the same family or different families and/or being polynucleotides encoding the same polypeptide from the same or different species. Optimal alignment of nucleotides of a polynucleotide for comparison of the homologies may be conducted using the homology algorithm (Smith and Waterman, Adv. Appl. Math. 2: 482 (1981)), by the homology alignment algorithm of Needleman and Wunsch, J. Mol. Biol. 48:443 (1970), by the search for similarity method of Pearson and Lipman, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA 85: 2444 (1988), by computerised implementations of these algorithms by using for example CLUSTAL in the PC/Gene program by Intelligenetics, Mountain View, Calif., GAP, BESTFIT, FASTA, and TFASTA in the Wisconsin Genetics Software Package, Genetics Computer Group (GCG) 575 Science Dr., Madison, Wis., USA. The above-mentioned algorithms and computer implementations should be regarded as examples and the invention not limited thereto.

[0044] Ion Channel Arrays

[0045] An ion channel array according to the invention has a multiplicity of individual ion channel polynucleotide spots, stably associated with a surface of a solid support. Each spot on the ion channel array comprises an ion channel polynucleotide composition, wherein the polynucleotide regions within the composition are of known identity, usually of known sequence, as described later on in detail. The ion channel polynucleotide spots may be of convenient shape but most often circular, oval or any other suitable shape. The ion channel polynucleotide spots may be arranged in any convenient pattern across the surface of the solid support, such as in row or columns to form a grid, in a circular pattern and the like. Preferably the pattern of ion channel polynucleotide spots are arranged as a grid to facilitate the evaluation of the results obtained from the analyses in which the ion channel array is used.

[0046] The ion channel array according to the invention may be of a flexible or rigid solid support and the ion channel polynucleotide spots are stably associated thereto. By stably associated is meant that the ion channel polynucleotide spots will be associated in their position on the solid support during the analysis in which the ion channel array is used, such as during different hybridisation, washing and detection conditions. The ion channel polynucleotide regions contained in the spots may be covalently or non-covalently associated to the surface of the solid support. Methods how to covalently or non-covalently bind the ion channel polynucleotide regions to the surface of the solid support are well known for a person skilled in the art and may be found in Ausubel et al., Current protocols in Molecular Biology, Greene Publishing Co. NY, (1995).

[0047] The solid support to which the individual ion channel polynucleotide spots are stably associated to is made of a flexible or rigid material. By flexible is meant that the support is capable of being bent or folded without breakage. By rigid is meant that the support is solid and does not readily bend, i.e. the support is not flexible. The support may be fabricated from a variety of materials, including plastics, ceramics, metals, gels, nitrocellulose, nylon, glass and the like.

[0048] The array may be produced according to any convenient methodology, such as preparing or obtaining the polynucleotides and then stably associate them with the surface of the support or growing them directly on the support. A number of array configurations and methods for their production are known to those skilled in the art and disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,445,934, 5,532,128, 5,556,752, 5,242,974, 5,384,261, 5,405,783, 5,412,087, 5,424,186, 5,429,807, 5,436,327, 5,472,672, 5,527,681, 5,529,756, 5,545,531, 5,554,501, 5,561,071, 5,571,639, 5,593,839, 5,599,695, 5,624,711, 5,658,734 and 5,700,637.

[0049] The solid support of the invention may have several configurations ranging from a simple to a more complex configuration depending on the intended use of the ion channel array. The size and thickness of the ion channel array is not critical as long as the ion channel array will function in the expected way and as long as the results obtained after use of the ion channel array are not changed. The number and amount of the ion channel polynucleotide spots is dependent on the intended use of the ion channel arrays as well as the detection system use to determine the expression profile of the biological material being evaluated by the aid of the ion channel array. The number of the ion channel polynucleotide spots may vary from about 2 to about 100,000 such as, e.g., from about 2 to about 50,000, from about 10 to about 25,000, from about 100 to about 10,000, from about 100 to about 5,000, from about 100 to 10 about 1,000, from about 400 to about 600 or about 500 ion channel polynucleotide spots, or at least 2 such as, e.g. at least 10, at least 25, at least 50, at least 100, at least 300, at least 400, at least 500 or at least 600 spots, or even more than 100,000 spots. The limitations of the number of the ion channel polynucleotide spots are dependent on the way in which the evaluation of the expression profile of the biological material is performed. The amount of the ion channel polynucleotide regions present in the ion channel polynucleotide spot may vary and the amount will be sufficient to provide adequate hybridisation and detection of the target nucleic acid. Generally the ion channel polynucleotides will be present in each spot at a concentration corresponding to an amount of 1 pg-100 μg or less than 100 μg of the polynucleotide. Normally, only 1 ion channel polynucleotide region is present in each spot.

[0050] The copy number of the ion channel polynucleotide present in each ion channel polynucleotide spot will be sufficient to provide enough hybridisation for a target nucleic acid to yield a detectable signal, and generally range from about 50 fmol or less.

[0051] An important feature of the ion channel array is i) that the majority of the ion channel polynucleotide spots represent ion channel families which have ion channel members, ii) the ion channel polynucleotide regions present in the ion channel polynucleotide spots are made up from non-conserved regions of the ion channel family members, and iii) at least two ion channel polynucleotide regions representing each ion channel family member are present on the ion channel array. The two or more ion channel polynucleotide regions from one ion channel family member are chosen in such a way that they are non-overlapping regions. The use of two or more ion channel polynucleotide regions on the ion channel array ensures a proper expression profile from the same ion channel polynucleotide. In general, prior art arrays have suffered from the technical problem that they are not fully reliable in the sense that they produce a certain level of both false negative and false positive results. This technical problem has been solved with the present invention by the use of at least two regions of the same ion channel polynucleotide family member. Such array design greatly increases the reliability of the results generated by the array, as each determination has at least one double check or verification (positive and negative control). Also, this double check may be effected in a controlled manner and to a predetermined level by selection of an appropriate number of regions of an ion channel polynucleotide family member. The level of double check, i.e. the number of regions, may be selected specifically for the intended use and depends on several factors, which includes, but are not limited to, the length of the polynucleotide regions spotted, the degree of intra-family identity, the degree of interspecies identity, the array hybridisation conditions, the characteristics of the biological polynucleotide test sample etc.

[0052] The number of non-conserved polypeptide regions to be chosen is also dependent inter alia on the length of the corresponding ion channel polynucleotide. Additionally, the ability to identify expression of ion channel polynucleotide which for some reason have a mutation or a deletion may increase by the use of more than one non-conserved polynucleotide region from each member of a ion channel family.

[0053] Preferably, each type of spot as defined by its content of polynucleotide region is present in a number of copies, such as 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, in order to enhance the reliability of the results obtained in the use of the array. When multiple spots of the same type are used, the mean value of the results obtained is calculated and used.

[0054] The array according to the invention has several different regions of an ion channel polynucleotide family member, which may be polynucleotide regions from the same polynucleotide strand and the regions differ at least by one nucleotide.

[0055] The non-conserved regions corresponding to a specific ion channel member of a ion channel family are preferably selected such that the selected ion channel regions have the ability to hybridise to the corresponding polynucleotide from more than one species. One selected ion channel region may be used for the identification of the expression profile of a certain ion channel polynucleotide in several biological materials obtained from several species such as, e.g., humans, mice and rats. By this feature the functionality of the ion channel array increases such that solely one type of ion channel array is needed for the evaluation of the expression profiles of ion channel polynucleotide in biological materials obtained from several species. One ion channel polynucleotide spot will hybridise to one single member of an ion channel family due to the selected non-conserved region of that particular ion channel. By the use of such a strategy for the development of the ion channel array, several different biological materials such as, e.g. material obtained from different species of animals may be used and compared for their expression profile of ion channel polynucleotides using only one type of ion channel array. The same strategy also applies for plants, fungi, microorganisms etc.

[0056] Other polynucleotide spots (control spots), which may be present on the ion channel array, include spots comprising genomic DNA, housekeeping genes, negative and positive control polynucleotides and the like. These polynucleotide spots comprise polynucleotides, which are not unique, i.e. they are not polynucleotide regions corresponding to ion channel polynucleotides. They are used for calibration or as control polynucleotides, and the function of these polynucleotide spots are not to give information of the expression of these polynucleotides, but rather to provide useful information, such as background or basal level of expression to verify that the analysis and the expression profiles obtained are relevant or not. Furthermore these control spots may serve as orientation spots.

[0057] The ion channel polynucleotides of interest in the present context are those, which encode polypeptides involved in transporting ions across biological membranes. Examples of suitable ion channel polynucleotide families are voltage-gated ion channels, Gap-junction ion channels, ligand-gated ion channels, heat-activated ion channels, intracellular ion channels, ion channel gated by intracellular ligands such as cyclic nucleotide-gated channels or calcium-activated ion channels, and any other polynucleotides encoding polypeptides capable of transporting ions across biological membranes.

[0058] The ion channel polynucleotides to be stably associated to the solid support may be of DNA, RNA, cDNA, natural, synthetic, semisynthetic origin or chemical analogous such as LNA or PNA. The ion channel polynucleotides may be obtained from one or more biological material such as an organism, an organ, a tissue and/or a cell and/or produced by a cell culture. The biological material may be obtained from any kind of organism, such as a microorganism, a plant, a fungus (e.g. yeast, mushrooms) or an animal. Examples of animals from which one or more biological material may be obtained are humans, rats, mice, pigs, cows, horses, dogs, guinea pigs, ferrets, rabbits, apes, monkeys, cats and sheep. The ion channel polypeptides involved in transporting ions across biological membranes may be located e.g. in an organ such as heart, liver, prostate, brain, kidney, lung etc., tissue such as nerve, muscle, connective, etc., and/or they may be found in the cells such as e.g. in the nucleus, endoplasmatic reticulum, Golgi complex, endosome, lysosome, peroxisome, mitochondtria, cytoplasm, plasma membrane, cytoskeleton.

[0059] The length of the ion channel polynucleotides present in the ion channel polynucleotide spot is selected in such a manner that the length is sufficient to provide a strong, specific and reproducible signal, as well as a secure and tight hybridisation. The length will typically vary from about 3 to about 9,000 nucleotides such as, e.g., from about 3 to about 6,000, from about 3 to about 3,000, from about 10 to about 1,500, from about 50 to about 1,000, from about 100 to about 800, from about 200 to 750, from about 200 to 700, from about 200 to 500, from about 250 to 400 or preferably from about 300 to 350. However, the length of the ion channel polynucleotides present on the ion channel array is shorter than the length of the mRNA to which it corresponds. As such, the ion channel polynucleotide represents a part of the full length cDNA to which it corresponds. The length of the ion channel polynucleotide region present in the ion channel spot is dependent on the number of polynucleotides in the selected ion channel family member.

[0060] The non-conserved regions of ion channel polynucleotide regions contained in an ion channel polynucleotide composition may be single or double stranded non-conserved polynucleotide regions.

[0061] The ion channel polynucleotide composition also comprises an excipient. Suitable excipients are solvents like e.g. water or any other aqueous medium, pH adjusting agents like buffering agents, stabilising agents, hybridising agents, coloring agents, labelling agents and the like. In general, the excipients used are inert, i.e. they do not have any polynucleotide related effect.

[0062] Method of Selecting the Ion Channel Polynucleotides

[0063] According to the present invention an important feature of the ion channel array is that the majority of the ion channel polynucleotide spots are made up from family members of ion channel polynucleotides and the ion channel polynucleotide regions present in the ion channel polynucleotide spots are made up from non-conserved regions of the ion channel polynucleotides. The sequences of the ion channel families may be found in GenBank (http.www.ncbi.nih.gov) and downloaded prior to sequence comparison. The sequence comparisons may be performed using any of the methods mentioned above. An example is given in Example 1 herein.

[0064] Additionally, the ion channel array preferably represents at least two different ion channel polynucleotide members of a family and/or at least two different ion channel families.

[0065] Furthermore, at least two of the ion channel polynucleotide spots are made up from one ion channel polynucleotide of one ion channel polynucleotide family member. The ion channel polynucleotide regions present in the two ion channel spots are made up from regions of one and the same ion channel polynucleotide and the regions are at least non-overlapping with a distance of at least one nucleotide from each other. The ion channel polynucleotide regions are selected in such away that they are non-conserved regions within the same ion channel family member (intrafamily) and the regions have at least 50% identity between different species (interspecies). The strategy how to find and identify potential ion channel regions useful to stably associate onto the surface of the ion channel array will be described in detail hereinafter.

[0066] In one embodiment of the invention relates to an ion channel array comprising a multiplicity of individual ion channel polynucleotide spots stably associated with a surface of a solid support, wherein an individual ion channel polynucleotide spot comprises an ion channel polynucleotide composition, and the spots represent at least two different regions of an ion channel polynucleotide family member. The ion channel polynucleotide composition comprises a non-conserved region of an ion channel polynucleotide family member. The non-conserved regions of an ion channel polynucleotide family member is a stretch of nucleotides with an average length of from about 3 to about 9,000 nucleotides such as, e.g. from about 3 to about 6,000, from about 3 to about 3,000, from about 5 to 1,500, from about 10 to about 1,000, from about 50 to about 1,000, from about 100 to about 1,000, from about 200 to 750, from about 200 to 700, from about 200 to 500, from about 250 to 400 or from about 300 to 350. The non-conserved regions of an ion channel polynucleotide family member is a region of nucleotides which has less than 90% such as, e.g. less than 85%, less than about 80%, less than about 75%, less than about 70%, less than about 65%, less than about 60%, less than about 55% or less than about 50% intrafamily identity, which means less than 90% (or, alternatively 85%, 80%, 75% or 70%) identity between polynucleotides classified as member of a specific ion channel family, see Example 1. The homology between members of a certain ion channel family may be determined using the methods mentioned above.

[0067] The two or more different non-conserved polypeptide regions corresponding to one ion channel member may be identified using the same strategy and they may at least be non-overlapping regions as mentioned above.

[0068] The non-overlapping regions may be selected from just one non-conserved region in case the polynucleotide ion channel family member contains just one non-conserved region.

[0069] The non-conserved polypeptide regions may furthermore be selected on the basis of homology of specific regions between different species (interspecies), such as between species of microorganisms, fungi, plants or animals such as, e.g., humans, rats, mice, pigs; cows, horses, dogs, guinea pigs, ferrets, rabbits, apes, monkeys, cats and sheep.

[0070] The non-conserved region of the ion channel family member may have at least 50% interspecies identity-such as, e.g. at least about 60%, at least about 65%, at least about 70%, at least about 75% or at least 80% interspecies identity. By the use of such as strategy in which the non-conserved regions are selected on the basis of their interspecies identity, it is possible to use the same type of ion channel array for detection of ion channel expression profiles in several different species as long as the selected non-conserved regions shares such a high degree of homology to enable hybridisation.

[0071] The non-conserved region of the ion channel polynucleotide used according to the invention will generally be a single stranded polynucleotide and shorter than the mRNA to which it corresponds.

[0072] In one embodiment of the array of the invention, at least one non-conserved polynucleotide region is present in the form of sense single-strands in a spot. In conventional arrays the polynucleotides are usually present in double-stranded form, which is denatured by heating prior to contacting with the biological sample to make the sense strand available for binding with the sample polynucleotides. It is believed that in such conventional arrays a certain variable and non-controlled level of the double-stranded polynucleotides on the array does not in fact separate sufficiently to allow hybridisation with the sample polynucleotide. In comparison, an array wherein the sense polynucleotide is present in a single-stranded form has the advantage that all strands are available for hybridisation thus resulting in an increased and more reproducible level of binding and array response. Preferably, the said non-conserved polynucleotide region present in the form of sense single-strands in a spot is also present in the form of antisense single-strands in a separate spot. This embodiment involves the advantage that the spot containing the antisense strands serves as a negative control for a positive determination in the spot containing the corresponding sense strands. Thus, this embodiment of the invention significantly increases the reliability of the results obtained in the use of the array. Furthermore, when only the sense sequence of the polynucleotide region is included in the array, it is necessary to identify the sense strand of the double-stranded polynucleotide region during the preparation of the array. In comparison, when both the sense and the anti-sense strand of the polynucleotide region are included as separate spots, identification of which is which is avoided hence facilitating the preparation of the array, which then can be carried out using standard methods.

[0073] When the array is to be used for screening biological polynucleotide samples originating exclusively or primarily from one animal species, the ion channel polynucleotide regions present in the spots preferably originate from the same species. This is preferred because it will give an optimum level of identity between the the polynucleotides of the spot on the one side and the polynucleotides of the biological material on the other side, and hence a more reliable determination.

[0074] Method of Preparing an Ion Channel Array

[0075] The ion channel array may be prepared (produced) using any convenient method and several methods are well known for a person skilled in the art, such as standard procedures according to Sambrook et al., (Molecular cloning: A laboratory manual 2^(nd) edition. Cold Spring Harbour Laboratory Press, New York.).

[0076] One means of preparing the ion channel array is i) synthesising or otherwise obtaining the above mentioned non-conserved ion channel polynucleotide regions, ii) preparing the ion channel polynucleotide compositions to be used in each spot and then iii) depositing in the form of spots the polynucleotide compositions comprising the non-conserved ion channel polynucleotide regions onto the surface of the solid support, see also Examples 2-5. The non-conserved ion channel polynucleotide regions may be of DNA, RNA, cDNA, natural, synthetic, semisynthetic origin or chemical analogous such as LNA or PNA. The non-conserved regions may be obtained from any biological material such as, e.g., tissues or cells and/or produced by a cell culture. The biological material may be an organism, such as a microorganism, plant, fungus (e.g. yeast or mushrooms) or animal. If the organism is an animal it may be selected from a group consisting of humans, rats, mice, pigs, cows, horses, dogs, guinea pigs, ferrets, rabbits or sheep.

[0077] The non-conserved ion channel polynucleotide regions may be prepared using any conventional methodology such as automated solid phase synthesis protocols, PCR using one or more primers specific for the non-conserved ion channel polynucleotide regions and the like. In general, PCR is advantageous in view of the large numbers of non-conserved ion channel polynucleotide regions that must be generated for each ion channel array. The amplified non-conserved ion channel polynucleotide regions may further be cloned in any suitable plasmid vector to enable multiplication and storage of the amplified non-conserved ion channel polynucleotide regions (see Examples 3-4).

[0078] The prepared non-conserved ion channel polynucleotide regions may be spotted onto the solid support using any convenient methodology, including manual and automated techniques, e.g. by micro-pipette, ink jet pins etc. and any other suitable automated systems. An example of an automated system is the automated spotting device, Affymetrix 417. The ready ion channel arrays may then be stored at suitable conditions until use.

[0079] Method for the Determination of Ion Channel Expression Profiles

[0080] Determination of ion channel expression profiles typically means determination of the expression level of multiple mRNAs, all of them corresponding to ion channel polynucleotides. The detection limit of the expression level of a mRNA may be approximately 0.2 ng or less of total RNA of the biological material used to hybridise each individual ion channel polynucleotide spot.

[0081] The expression profiles can be produced by any means known in the art, including but not limited to the methods disclosed by: Liang et al., (1992) Science 257: 967-971; Ivanova et al., (1995) Nucleic Acids Res 23: 2954-2958; Guilfoyl et al., (1997) Nucleic Acids Res 25(9): 1854-1858; Chee et al., (1996) Science 274: 610-614; Velculescu et al., (1995) Science 270: 484-487; Fiscker et al., (1995) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92(12): 5331.5335; and Kato (1995) Nucleic Acids Res 23(18): 3685-3690.

[0082] The hybridisation conditions under which the biological polynucleotide sample is contacted with the array of the invention may vary and are selected to suit the characteristics of the specific array/sample system as well as the purpose of the use of the array. The hybridisation conditions selected depend e.g. on the species from which the biological sample originates, the length of the polynucleotide regions in the spots, the number of polynucleotide regions from the same ion channel family member, the level of intra-family identity, the level of interspecies identity, the array reaction conditions, such as the type of solid support used, the type of system used for linking the ion channel polynucleotides to the solid support and the type of hybridisation chamber used; the characteristics of the biological polynucleotide test sample, such as purity, concentration, expected amount of cDNA, the quality of the cDNA etc. Depending on the before-mentioned factors, the hybridisation conditions may be adjusted to each individual array system. Depending on the said factors it is in general possible to use low stringent, medium stringent and high stringent hybridisation conditions. Preferably, high stringent conditions are used for human samples and medium stringent samples are used for rat and mouse samples. In connection with the present invention, an example of low stringent conditions is 40% formamide 1 M Na and a temperature of 37° C. An example of medium stringent conditions is 1 M Na and a temperature of 55° C. An example of high stringent conditions is 1 M Na and a temperature of 65° C. For all types of hybridisation, the incubation period is preferably more than 16 hours, more preferably more than 20 hours, and most preferably more than 24 hours.

[0083] According to one embodiment of the invention the ion channel array will be used for the evaluation of the expression profile of one or more biological materials or a mixture of biological materials. The method for the determination of an ion channel polynucleotide expression profile in a biological material or in a mixture of biological materials comprises obtaining a polynucleotide from the biological material(s), labelling said polynucleotide to obtain a labelled target polynucleotide sample, contacting at least one labelled target polynucleotide sample with an array as defined above under conditions which are sufficient to produce a hybridisation pattern and detecting said hybridisation-pattern-to-obtain the ion channel polynucleotide expression profile of the biological material or the mixture of biological materials. The ion channel expression profile in the biological material can thus be determined to correspond to the expression of e.g. voltage-gated ion channels, Gap-junction ion channels, ligand-gated ion channels, heat-activated ion channels, intracellular ion channels, ion channel gated by intracellular ligands such as cyclic nucleotide-gated channels or calcium-activated ion channels, or more specific family members, or any other polynucleotides encoding polypeptides capable of transporting ions across biological membranes. The biological material or the mixture of biological materials may be in a non-stressed or a stressed stage. The stress may directly or indirectly influence the ion channel expression profile and thereby the polynucleotides identified which react upon that type of stress.

[0084] The stress may be caused by a disease or a condition such as, e.g., Asthma, cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and rhinorrhea, convulsions, vascular spasms, coronary artery spasms, renal disorders, polycystic kidney disease, bladder spasms, urinary incontinence, bladder outflow obstruction, irritable bowel syndrome, gastrointestinal dysfunction, secretory diarrhoea, ischaemia, cerebral ischaemia, ischaemic hearth disease, angina pectoris, coronary hearth disease, traumatic brain injury, psychosis, anxiety, depression, dementia, memory and attention deficits, drug addiction and/or abuse, including cocaine or tobacco abuse, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, dysmenorrhea, narcolepsy, Reynaud's disease, intermittent claudication, Sjorgren's syndrome, migraine, arrhythmia, hypertension, absence seizures, myotonic muscle dystrophia, xerostomi, diabetes type II, hyperinsulinemia, premature labour, baldness, cancer, schizotrenia or psychosis.

[0085] A variety of disorders associated with the neural system, for example eating disorders, obsessive compulsive disorders, panic disorders, alcoholism, pain, memory deficits and anxiety. Included among these disorders are disorders such as pseudodementia or Ganser's syndrome, migraine pain, bulimia, obesity, pre-menstrual syndrome or late luteal phase syndrome, post-traumatic syndrome, memory loss, memory dysfunction, social phobia, attention deficit hyperactvity disorder, chronic fatigue syndrome, premature ejaculation, erectile difficulty, anorexia nervosa, disorders of sleep, autism, mutism, trichotillomania or mood syndrone.

[0086] Auto-immune diseases, e.g. Addison's disease, alopecia areata, Ankylosing spondylitis, haemolytic anemia (anemia haemolytica), pernicious anemia (anemia perniciosa), aphthae, aphthous stomatitis, arthritis, arteriosclerotic disorders, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, aspermiogenese, asthma bronchiale, auto-immune asthma, auto-immune hemolysis, Bechets disease, Boeck's disease, inflammatory bowel disease, Burkitt's lymphoma, Chron's disease, chorioiditis, colitis ulcerosa, Coeliac disease, cryoglobulinemia, dermatitis herpetiformis, dermatomyosits, insulin-dependent type I diabetes, juvenile diabetes, idiopathic diabetes insipidus, insulin-dependent diabetes mellisis, auto-immune demyelinating diseases, Dupuytren's contracture, encephalomyelitis, encephalomyelitis allergica, endophthalmia phacoanaphylactica, enteritis allergica, auto-immune enteropathy syndrome, erythema nodosum leprosum, idiopathic facial paralysis, chronic fatigue syndrome, febris rheumatica, glomerulo nephritis, Goodpasture's syndrome, Graves' disease, Hamman-Rich's disease, Hashimoto's disease, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, sudden hearing loss, sensoneural hearing loss, hepatitis chronica, Hodgkin's disease, haemoglobinuria paroxysmatica, hypogonadism, ileitis regionalis, iritis, leucopenia, leucemia, lupus erythematosus disseminatus, systemic lupus erythematosus, cutaneous lupus erythematosus, lymphogranuloma malignum, mononucleosis infectiosa, myasthenia gravis, traverse myelitis, primary idiopathic myxedema, nephrosis, ophthalmia symphatica, orchitis granulomatosa, pancreatitis, pemphigus, pemphigus vulgaris, polyarteritis nodosa, polyarthritis chronica primaria, polymyositis, polyradiculitis acuta, psoreasis, purpura, pyoderma gangrenosum, Quervain's thyreoiditis, Reiter's syndrome, sarcoidosis, ataxic sclerosis, progressive systemic sclerosis, scleritis, sclerodermia, multiple sclerosis, sclerosis disseminata, acquired spenic atrophy, infertility due to antispermatozoan antibodies, thrombocytopenia, idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura, thymoma, acute anterior uveitis, vitiligo, AIDS, HIV, SCID and Epstein Barr virus associated diseases such as Sjorgren's syndrome, virus (AIDS or EBV) associated B cell lymphoma, parasitic diseases such as Lesihmania, and immunosuppressed disease states such as viral infections following allograft transplantations, graft vs. Host syndrome, transplant rejection, or AIDS, cancers, chronic active hepatitis diabetes, toxic chock syndrome, food poisoning, and transplant rejection.

[0087] These are examples and are not intended to limit the invention in any way.

[0088] The analysis of the expression profile includes several steps of procedures in which well known techniques are used, such as those mentioned in Sambrook et al., Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory approach, Cold Spring Harbour Press, NY (1987), and in Ausubel et al., Current protocols in Molecular Biology, Greene Publishing Co. NY, (1995).

[0089] The biological material to be evaluated needs to be identified and isolated such as e.g. described in Example 2. For the ability to perform the analysis cDNA are generally produced from isolated total RNA or polyA RNA (mRNA). The total RNA/mRNA can be isolated using a variety of techniques. Numerous techniques are well known (see Sambrook et al., Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory approach, Cold Spring Harbour Press, NY (1987), and Ausubel et al., Current protocols in Molecular Biology, Greene Publishing Co. NY, (1995)). In general, these techniques include a first step of lysing the cells and then a second step of enriching for or purifying RNA.

[0090] The isolated total RNA/mRNA are reversed transcribed using a RNA-directed DNA polymerase, such as “reverse transcriptase” isolated from such retroviruses as AMV, MoMuLV or recombinantly produced. Many commercial sources are available (e.g. Invitrogen, Perkin Elmer, New England Biolabs, Stratagene Cloning Systems).

[0091] Preferably the mRNA are reversed transcribed into cDNA and at the same time a label is incorporated for later detection of the hybridised amplified products on the ion channel array. The amplification by PCR may be performed according to Example 2. The label may vary dependent on the system to be used for the detection and several labels are well known in the area of molecular biology (e.g. radioactive labels, fluorescent labels, coloring labels, chemical labels etc.)

[0092] The labelled cDNA is then denaturated and used for hybridisation on the ion channel array. The hybridisation conditions vary and are dependent on the aim with the expression profile obtained after the hybridisation. One example is found in Example 6. After hybridisation of the labelled cDNA, the ion channel array is washed to remove the cDNA, which have not hybridised to the ion channel and the hybridised labelled cDNA are detected by a suitable means and an expression profile obtained.

[0093] In a second embodiment of the present invention two ion channel arrays will be used for the evaluation of the expression profiles in at least a first and a second biological material. The expression profiles of the first and the second biological material are compared to each other to identify any differences between the first and the second expression profile. The analysis comprising obtaining a first ion channel expression profile of the first biological material as described above, obtaining a second ion channel expression profile of the second biological material as described for the first biological material, comparing the first and the second ion channel expression profile to identify any differences in the ion channel expression profiles between the first and the second ion channel expression profile. The first and the second biological material may be of the same origin of different origins, for example two livers from the same animal species or two lungs from the same animal or from two animals of the same species etc. In one embodiment of the invention, the first and the second biological material are in two different stages, i.e. the first biological material is non-stressed and the second biological material is stressed. The second biological material may be stressed in such as way that at least a different ion channel expression profile will be obtained. The stress may directly or indirectly influence the ion channel expression profile.

[0094] The ion channels to be influenced by the stress of the second biological material may be voltage-gated ion channels, Gap-junction ion channels, ligand-gated ion channels, heat-activated ion channels, intracellular ion channels, ion channel gated by intracellular ligands such as cyclic nucleotide-gated channels or calcium activated ion channels. Furthermore, the ion channel expression profile of the second biological material may be directly or indirectly related to a disease, a chemical pretreatment, environmental influences or other physiological or patophysiological changes in the biological material. The chemical treatment may be selected from the group consisting of naturally occurring chemical entities or synthetically derived chemical entities.

[0095] Examples of diseases or conditions that might influence the ion channel expression profile of the second biological material are those mentioned above. As an example the use of in vivo models such as, e.g., a rat model in which at least a first and a second experimental group are used. The first group is non-stressed and the second group stressed in such a way that the expression of one or more ion channel polynucleotides are influenced in such as way that an increase or a decrease of the expression is obtained, when the expression profiles are analysed using the ion channel array and the method according to the invention. The second group may be either permanently stressed or stressed during a certain period of time and after the period of stress one or more biological materials obtained from the second group and the ion channel expression profile determined

[0096] In another embodiment of the present invention, the ion channel array is used for the evaluation of the expression profiles in at least a first and a second biological material, each material being labelled with a unique label (e.g. Cy3 and Cy5 for each sample, respectively). The procedure is as described above.

[0097] In a third embodiment according to the invention, the ion channel array will be used for the identification of a therapeutic, prophylactic or toxic agent involved in the response of ion channel polypeptides in a biological material, said method comprises obtaining a first ion channel expression profile of a first biological material as described above, obtaining a second ion channel expression profile of a second biological material as described above, treating the first and/or the second biological material with a test compound; obtaining a third and/or a fourth ion channel expression profile of the treated second biological material as described above, comparing the first, second, third and/or fourth ion channel expression profiles, and identifying any difference in the ion channel expression profile so as to identify any therapeutic, prophylactic or toxic response of the test compound on the ion channel polynucleotide. The first biological material may typically be a material in a healthy or normal condition whereas the second biological material typically may be in a diseased or not normal state. The first and the second biological material may have the same kind of origin. The first biological material may be in a non-stressed state and the second biological material may be in a stressed state and the stress may directly or indirectly influence the ion channel expression profile between the first and the second biological materials. The ion channel polynucleotide family which is influenced by the stress is selected from the group consisting of voltage-gated ion channels, Gap-junction ion channels, ligand-gated ion channels, heat-activated ion channels, intracellular ion channels, ion channel gated by intracellular ligands such as cyclic nucleotide-gated channels or calcium-activated ion channels, and the ion channel expression profile of the second biological material is directly or indirectly related to a disease, a chemical or biological pretreatment, environmental influences or other physiological or patophysiological changes.

[0098] The disease may be anyone of those mentioned above.

[0099] The test compound may be a chemical or a biological compound including therapeutic, prophylactic and/or toxic chemical entities, physiologically chemical entities, substances affecting a biological function, hormones, vitamins, nutrients, pesticides, fungicides, bacteriocides and the like. The method according to the third embodiment of the invention is used to identify potential therapeutic, prophylactic and/or toxic agents useful for the treatment of diseases caused by an alteration in the expression profile of the ion channel polypeptides. One example is the use of a biological model, such as a rat model in which a first, second, third and/or fourth group are used. The first and third group is non-stressed and the second and fourth group stressed in such a way that the expression of one or more ion channel polynucleotides are influenced in such as way that an increase or a decrease of the expression is obtained. The third and fourth groups are treated with a test compound.

[0100] In a fourth embodiment the invention will be used in diagnostic methods to enable the determination in differences of ion channel expression profiles between two different biological material, said method comprises obtaining a first ion channel expression profile of a first biological material as described above, obtaining a second ion channel expression profile of a second biological material as described above, comparing the first and second ion channel expression profiles, and identifying any difference in the ion channel expression profile. Preferably the difference between the ion channel expression profile of the first and the second ion channel expression profile is directly or indirectly influenced by a disease, such as chronic pain, myotonia, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis. Furthermore, the ion channel expression profile from more than two different biological materials are compared, such as biological materials, which are in different stages of a disease. The diagnostic method may be useful in the determination of diseases directly or indirectly caused by different ion channel expression profiles and by the use of such a method there will be an enhanced possibility to start the treatment of the disease at an early stage of the disease.

[0101] Ion Channel Kits

[0102] The invention also relates to kits comprising the above-mentioned ion channel array.

[0103] The kit may be used according to the above-mentioned methods for the determination of ion channel expression profiles in a biological material as defined above.

[0104] The kit comprises the ion channel array as described above. However, the kit may further comprise reagents for generating a labelled target polynucleotide sample and/or a hybridisation buffer suitable for performing hybridisation between a biological material and the ion channel array.

EXAMPLES Example 1

[0105] Generation of Fragments for the Ion Channel Array (IC Array)

[0106] The voltage gated chloride channels in the CIC family comprise 9 members: CIC-1, -2, -3, 4, -5, -6, -7, -Ka, and Kb (Jentsch et al. BioEssays vol. 19 No. 2, pp 117-126, 1997). The cDNA sequences of the member belonging to the C1C family hClC-3 AF029346 hClC-4 AF170492 hClC-5 X91906 hClC-6 NM_001286 hClC-7 AF224741 hClC-K_(a) NM_004070 hClC-K_(b) NM_000085 hClC-1 Z25884 hClC-2 AF026004

[0107] were downloaded from Genbank and the sequences of the Open Reading Frames (ORF) were compared to each other by clustal alignment (Higgins, D. G., Sharp, P. M., Gene 1988 Dec. 15; 73(1); 237-244). The alignments were performed to identify non-conserved regions of the CIC-2 member, regions having less than 75% sequence homology to other CIC members. Two regions were identified having solely 32% and 55% homology to the other member of the CIC family. The regions identified were region 1-350 having 32% homology and region 649-1314 having 55% homology to the other members of the human CIC family (intrafamily). The numbering of the nucleotide sequence start at the 5′-end of the polynucleotide and correspond to A in the startcodon (ATG). Thereafter the ratCIC-2 (acc. No. NM_(—)017137) and mouseCIC-2 cDNA (Acc. No. NM_(—)009900) sequence downloaded from Genbank and compared with the human CIC-2 cDNA (AF026004) nucleotide sequence and analysed to identify homologous regions using clustal alignment. The region corresponding to nucleotide sequence 1-350 was found to have 88% homology (interspecies) and the region corresponding to the nucleotide sequence 649-1314 was found to have 91% homology (interspecies) in between the human CIC, rat CIC-2 and mouse CIC-2.

Example 2

[0108] Amplification of the Determined Regions

[0109] The two regions 1-350 and 649-1314 were amplified using conventional PCR well known for a person skilled in the art using following primers: Region Primer 1 Primer 2 1-350 ATGGCGGCCGCGGCG TGCAGACAGGCAGCAA GCGGAGGAA TGGCATAGT 649-1314 GCCCTTCTCAGCAAGTT GAAGATGACCAGGGTG CCTCTC AGGAAGA

[0110] Human kidney total RNA was purchased from Life technology (11410-016)

[0111] Recombinant plasmids are used as templates when cDNA encoding a given ion channel previously have been cloned.

[0112] The cDNA was synthesized using the Omniscript RT Kit (Quigen, 205111).

[0113] The amplification of the two regions were performed using: 1-2 μl cDNA obtained above 250 μM dNTP (27-2035-01, Amersham Pharmacia) 0.5 μM of each PCR primers (see table above) 1.5 mM MgCl₂ final concentration (Y02016, Gibco BRL) 1× PCR buffer without MgCl₂ (Y02028, Gibco BRL) 2.5 U Taq polymerase (10966-026, Gibco BRL)

[0114] H₂O to 20 μl final volume

[0115] The PCR generated fragments were separated using on a conventional agarose gel and cloned into the pCRII-TOPO vector according to the TOPO TA cloning kit (Invitrogene) and the nucleotide sequence was analysed using CEQ 2000 DNA Analysis System (Beckman Coulter, U.S.A.).

Example 3

[0116] Preparation of Master Glycerol Stocks

[0117] The glycerol stocks were prepared in 96 wells-trays (Corning Cat. No. cci3793) on a Biomek. 50 μl glycerol media (38% glycerol, 2×LB) was transferred into each well of a plane 96-well tray (Corning Cat. No. cci3793). Then, 50 μl bacterial culture was transferred into each well of the plane 96-well tray and mixed with the glucerol media. A Storage Mat-I lid (Corning, Cat. No. 3094) was placed on each tray and the trays stored at −80° C.

Example 4

[0118] Preparation of Plasmids for the Ion Channel Array

[0119] Ampicillin (100 mg/ml) was added to Circlegrow medium (obtained from Bio101, Carlsbad, Calif. 92008, U.S.A.). Circlegrow medium/ampicillin was added to each well in a 4×2 ml 96 deep well-tray (Corning Cat. No. cci 3961). The appropriate bacterial glycerol stock was added to each well. The tray was sealed with sealing sheet (Merck Eurolab A/S, Denmark), and incubated with shaking at 37° C. for 16 hours prior to plasmid purification. The plasmid purification was performed using Biomek or a conventional method according to Maniatis et al., Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual (Cold Spring Harbour Press) (1989) well known for a person skilled in the art.

Example 5

[0120] Preparation of 3D-Link Amine-Binding Slide (Array)

[0121] The plasmids obtained in Example 4 were subjected to PCR using flanking primers. The resulting PCR product was spotted onto a 3D-Link Amine-Binding slide (array). The PCR reaction and spotting were carried out using standard methods as described e.g. in “Microarray Biochip Technology” by Mark Schena and “DNA Microarrays: A Practical Approach” by Mark Schena.

[0122] 3D-Link Amine-Binding slide (array) may be obtained from Motorola Inc. 2501 San Pedro N. E. Suite 202 Albuquerque, N. Mex. 87110 United States.

[0123] To have an orientation on the arrays visible after scanning of the slides the each of the arrays corners are marked by a double labelled Cy3 and Cy5 primer with a 5′ end amino group (5′-Cy3/5) in a final concentration of 1 pmol/μl to enable the possibility to place a grid on the scanned array.

[0124] After spotting, seal the fragments with sealing tape and store at −20° C. until use.

[0125] 3MM paper is pre-wetted with saturated NaCl solution. Place all the slides in a slide box without a lid. Place the slide boxes in a plastic bag containing the NaCl saturated 3MM paper. Close the plastic bag and incubate the slides. After incubation, remove the slides from the plastic bag. Store at room temperature until blocking of free reactive groups on the slides.

[0126] Place the slide in pre-warmed blocking solution (0.1% SDS, SurModics Blocking Solution. Incubate the slide for 20 minutes at 50° C. Wash the slide in redistilled H₂O. Incubate the slide in 4×SSC, 0.1% SDS solution (50° C.), and wash the slide in room temperate redistilled H₂O. Incubate the slide boiling redistilled H₂O for 2 min. Wash in redistilled H₂O at room temperature. Incubate the slide in pre-hybridisation buffer prewarmed to 50° C. (50 ml 20×SSC, 10 ml 100× Denhardt solution, 2 ml 10% SDS, 4 ml Salmon Sperm DNA (10 mg/ml), 134 ml Redistilled H₂O) at 50° C. for 30 min. Wash slide in redistilled H₂O. Store the slides at room temperature; dry and dark until use.

Example 6

[0127] Preparation of Labelled Samples and Hybridisation

[0128] RNA is obtained according to Example 2. Precipitate the RNA by centrifugation and wash the RNA pellet in 70% ethanol. Precipitate the RNA at 15,000×g for 15 min. Discard the supernatant and let the pellet air-dry. Adjust the RNA concentration to 1 μg/μl with DEPC-H₂O. In 2 separate tubes add 25 μl total RNA (1 μg/μl) and 7 μl DEPC treated H₂O. Add 4 μl of oligo-dT (e.g. T25V primer) (1 μg/μl) to each tube. Incubate the tubes in a Thermal cycler at 65° C. for 3 min.

[0129] Prepare tube 1, 10× cDNA Buffer (500 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.3; 800 mM KCl; 100 mM MgCl₂; 40 mM DTT), Cy3-dUTP (1 mM, Cat. No. PA53022, Amersham Pharmabiotech), 10×dNTP (5 mM dATP; 5 mM dCTP; 5 mM dGTP; 5 mM dTTP).

[0130] Prepare tube 2, 10× cDNA Buffer, Cy5-dUTP (1 mM; Cat. No. PA 55022, Amersham Pharmabiotech), 10× dNTP (5 mM dATP; 5 mM dCTP; 5 mM dGTP; 5 mM dTTP). Mix tube 1 and tube 2 and transfer to the two tubes of RNA. Add 2 RT (100 U/μl) to each tube and incubate at 42° C. for 60 minutes and at 65° C. for 15 min. Decrease the temperature to 42° C. Add reverse transcriptase (100 U/μl) to each tube. Incubate at 42° C. for 60 minutes and at 65° C. for 15 min. Precipitate with 0.3 M Na-acetate and 96% ethanol. Wash each pellet in 80% ethanol.

[0131] Resuspend each pellet in RNase Mix (10 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.5), 0.1 mM EDTA (pH 8.0), RNAase A 100 mp/ml). Incubate at 37° C. for 60 min. Add 30 pi sterile H₂O to each tube. Precipitate using 0.3 M Na-Acetate (pH 6.0) and ice-cold 96% ethanol. Wash the pellets in 80% ethanol. Resuspend each pellet in 15 μl hybridization buffer (5×SSC, 0.1% SDS, 100 μg/ml, blocking RNA).

[0132] Mix the two fluorescents probes 1:1 in a PCR tube. This is the Probe-Mix.

[0133] Denature the Probe-Mix at 96° C. for 3 min. Transfer the Probe-Mix directly to 55° C. for 30 sec. Place the Probe-Mix on ice. Add the Probe-Mix to the array slide. Place the slide in a box and inside the petri dish with the pre-wetted 3MM paper. Replace the lid back onto the petri dish. Place the petri dish in a plastic bag.

[0134] Incubate the petri dish in a dark incubator at 65° C. 12-16 hours.

[0135] Wash slides in Washing Buffer I (2×SSC). Submerge the slides in pre-warmed Washing Buffer II (2×SSC, 0.1% SDS. Pre-warm at 65° C. for 1 hour in a volume of least 10 ml/slide to cover the slides. Incubate on an orbital shaker at 65° C. for 10 min. Wash the slides in Washing Buffer III (0.2×SSC) in a volume of least 10 ml/slide to cover the slides. Incubate on an orbital shaker at room temperature for 3 min. Wash the slides in Washing Buffer IV (0.1×SSC). Wash the slides in Washing Buffer V (0.5×SSC). Repeat washing with washing buffer V for additional 3 times. Remove all Washing Buffer V by centrifuging at 800 rpm for 3 min.

[0136] The scanning of the slide and evaluation were performed using Affymetrix 418 Scanner, Affymetrix 418 Scanner Software and the software ImaGene 4.0 (BioDiscovery) according to the user manual.

Example 7

[0137] Generation of Fragments for the Ion Channel Array (IC Array)

[0138] For the purposes of producing a multi-spot array, a total of 233 non-conserved ion channel polynucleotide regions have been identified. The said regions were identified using a method as described in the following in general terms. For each ion channel family, all members are identified, and the cDNA sequence of the members were downloaded from Genbank and the sequences of the Open Reading Frames (ORF) were compared to the other family members by clustal alignment (Higgins, D. G., Sharp, P. M., Gene 1988 Dec. 15; 73(1); 237-244). For each family member in turn, the alignments were performed to identify non-conserved regions of the member in question having as low a sequence identity to the other members of the family as possible (intrafamily). The level of intrafamily identity varies from family to family and from family member to family member, but in general it is initially attempted to identify regions having a level of identity of below 60%. However, for some family members this is not possible, and in such cases regions having the lowest existing sequence identity are used. Subsequently, the regions identified on the basis of a low intrafamily sequence identity are compared to the corresponding ion channel family members from other species to determine the level of sequence identity. The level of interspecies identity varies from family to family and from family member to family member, but in general it is initially attempted to obtain regions having a level of identity of above 75%. If this condition is not met, a different region is selected on the basis of the intrafamily identity as described above, and the interspecies identity of the new region is determined. This procedure is repeated a number of times to optimise the region selected with respect to partly intrafamily identity and partly interspecies identity.

[0139] Table 1 shows for each of the 233 regions identified the ion channel family member and region, the Genbank Accession number, whether it is included in the array, the intrafamily identity and the interfamily identity. The ion channel families are grouped together and separated by a blank row.

[0140] On the basis of the regions identified an array has been produced comprising a majority of the regions listed in Table 1 below. The regions identified as described above were processed using the same procedure as described in Examples 2 to 5 to produce the array. TABLE 1 Similarity of Included the fragment Spot Ion channel family in array Similarity of the fragment to to other No. member and region Genbank Acc. No. (yes/No) Spot site other species members 1 hIK 1-404 AF022797 Y IC1-A5 80% to mouse 80% to rat 42% 2 hIK 1-777 AF022797 Y IC1-H1 84% to mouse 82% to rat 47% 3 hIK 541-1284 AF022797 Y IC1-H3 87% to mouse 84% to rat 52% 4 hIK 154-1284 AF022797 Y IC1-H2 85% to mouse 82% to rat 49% 5 hIK 154-777 AF022797 Y IC1-H4 84% to mouse 81% to rat 50% 6 hIK 541-777 AF022797 Y IC1-A6 90% to mouse 88% to rat 51% 7 hSK1 4-304 U69883 AF131937 Y IC1-A7 8 hSK1 300-600 U69883 AF131937 N 80% to mouse 84% to rat 75% 9 rSK1 1284-1611 AF000973 Y IC1-A8 89% to mouse 70% to human 42% 10 rSK2 4-310 NM_019314 Y IC1-A9 93% to mouse 85% to human 34% 11 rSK2 131-495 NM_019314 Y IC1-A10 91% to mouse 86% to human 52% 12 rSK2 1457-1743 NM_019314 Y IC1-A11 97% to mouse 90% to human 43% 13 rSK3 35-299 U69884 Y IC1-A12 93% to mouse 86% to human 35% 14 rSK3 287-720 U69884 Y IC1-B5 98% to mouse 91% to human 27% 15 rSK3 1889-2199 U69884 Y IC1-B7 97% to mouse 87% to human 43% 16 hBKa 124-526 HSU11717 Y IC1-B10 95% to mouse 95% to rat 17 hBKa 616-1000 HSU11717 Y IC1-C2 93% to mouse 94% to rat 18 hCIC-3 frag. 1-350 AF029346 Y IC1-B6 45% to mouse 91% to rat 27% 19 hCIC-3 frag. 242-651 AF029346 Y IC1-B8 90% to mouse 91% to rat 60% 20 hCIC-4 frag. 1-350 AF170492 Y IC1-B9 79% to mouse 77% to rat 59% 21 hCIC-4 frag. 750-1284 AF170492 Y IC1-B11 88% to mouse 90% to rat 69% 22 hCIC-5 frag. 1-350 X91906 N 78% to mouse 78% to rat 56% 23 hCIC-5 frag. 399-672 X91906 Y IC1-B12 90% to mouse 91% to rat 69% 24 hCIC-6 frag. 1-350 NM_001286 Y IC1-C1 91% to mouse N.D. to rat 30% 25 hCIC-6 frag. 1171-1624 NM_001286 Y IC1-C3 88% to mouse N.D. to rat 40% 26 hCIC-7 frag. 1-350 AF224741 Y IC1-C10 79% to mouse 81% to rat 28% 27 hCIC-7 frag. 1524-2026 AF224741 Y IC1-C4 88% to mouse 86% to rat 44% 28 hCIC-K frag. 1-350 NM_004070 Y IC1-C5 N.D. to mouse 78% to rat 42% NM_000085 29 hCIC-K frag. 442-1230 NM_004070 Y IC1-C7 N.D. to mouse 78/83% to rat 47% NM_000085 30 hCIC-1 frag. 1-350 Z25884 Y IC1-C6 N.D. to mouse 81% to rat 27% 31 hCIC-1 frag. 2035-2367 Z25884 Y IC1-C8 N.D. to mouse 68% to rat 29% 32 hCIC-2 frag. 1-350 AF026004 Y IC1-C9 88% to mouse 88% to rat 32% 33 hCIC-2 frag. 649-1314 AF026004 N 91% to mouse 91% to rat 55% 34 hClic-1 frag. 347-721 NM_001288 Y IC1-C11 N.D. to mouse N.D. to rat 56% 35 hClic-1 frag. 1-350 NM_001288 Y IC1-C12 N.D. to mouse N.D. to rat 62% 36 hClic-2 frag. 365-730 NM_001289 Y IC1-D1 N.D. to mouse N.D. to rat 58% 37 hClic-2 frag. 1-350 NM_001289 Y IC1-D3 N.D. to mouse N.D. to rat 61% 38 hClic-4 frag. 380-749 AF097330 Y IC1-D2 N.D. to mouse N.D. to rat 61% NM_013943 39 hClic-4 frag. 1-350 AF097330 Y IC1-D4 N.D. to mouse N.D. to rat 66% NM_013943 40 hClic-5 frag. 371-736 AF216941 Y IC1-D5 N.D. to mouse N.D. to rat 61% 41 hClic-5 frag. 1-350 AF216941 Y IC1-D7 N.D. to mouse N.D. to rat 68% 42 hClic-3 frag. 280-592 AF102166 Y IC1-D6 N.D. to mouse N.D. to rat 44% 43 hClic-3 frag. 1-350 AF102166 N N.D. to mouse N.D. to rat 55% 44 hCICa-1 frag. 1977-2253 NM_001285 Y IC1-D9 N.D. to mouse N.D. to rat 58% 45 hCICa-1 frag. 1-350 NM_001285 Y IC1-D11 N.D. to mouse N.D. to rat 66% 46 hCICa-2 frag. 1809-2278 NM_006536 Y IC1-D10 N.D. to mouse N.D. to rat 47% 47 hCICa-2 frag. 1-350 NM_006536 Y IC1-D12 N.D. to mouse N.D. to rat 40% 48 hCICa-4 frag. 1698-2259 NM_012128 Y IC1-E1 N.D. to mouse N.D. to rat 61% 49 hCICa-4 frag. 1-350 NM_012128 Y IC1-E3 N.D. to mouse N.D. to rat 67% 50 hKCNQ-1 frag. 902-1201 U89364 U40990 Y IC1-D8 81% to mouse N.D. to rat 33% U71077 51 hKCNQ-1 frag. 1447-1746 U89364 U40990 Y IC1-E4 66% to mouse N.D. to rat 28% U71077 52 hKCNQ-2 frag. 1091-1390 NM_004518 Y IC1-E5 N.D. to mouse 82% to rat 35% 53 hKCNQ-2 frag. 2236-2535 NM_004518 Y IC1-E6 N.D. to mouse 85% to rat 46% 54 hKCNQ-3 frag. 1218-1517 NM_004519 Y IC1-E7 N.D. to mouse 95% to rat 35% 55 hKCNQ-3 frag. 2320-2619 NM_004519 Y IC1-E9 N.D. to mouse 86% to rat 26% 56 hKCNQ-4 frag. 1096-1395 NM_004700 Y IC1-E8 N.D. to mouse N.D. to rat 26% 57 hKCNQ-4 frag. 1789-2042 NM_004700 Y IC1-E10 N.D. to mouse N.D. to rat 48% 58 hKCNQ-5 frag. 2500-2799 AF249278 Y IC1-E2 85% to mouse N.D. to rat 42% 59 hKCNQ-5 frag. 1203-1502 AF249278 Y IC1-E11 91% to mouse N.D. to rat 26% 60 hKCNE-1 frag. 1-399 M26685 Y IC2-G4 30% to mouse N.D. to rat 35% 61 hKCNE-2 frag. 1-372 AF071002 Y IC1-E12 77% to mouse N.D. to rat 25% 62 mKCNE-3 frag. 1-312 AF076531 Y IC1-F1 86% to human N.D. to rat 28% 63 mKCNE-4 frag. 1-513 NM_021342 Y IC1-F4 84% to human N.D. to rat 28% 64 hKCNE-5 frag. 37-425 N N.D. to mouse N.D. to rat 31% 65 rElk1 1976-2346 AF061957 Y IC1-F2 N.D. to mouse N.D. to human 31% 66 rElk1 2919-3302 AF061957 Y IC1-F3 N.D. to mouse N.D. to human 25% 67 rElk2 1292-1641 AB022696 Y IC1-F5 90% to mouse 90% to rat 62% 68 rElk2 2903-3252 AB022696 Y IC1-F7 89% to mouse 89% to rat 28% 69 rElk3 1989-2332 AJ007628 Y IC1-F8 N.D. to mouse 86% to human 31% AB022699 70 rElk3 2767-3050 AJ007628 Y IC1-G1 N.D. to mouse 76% to human 28% AB022699 71 hEag1 frag. 1000-1349 AF078741 Y IC1-F6 88% to mouse 89% to rat 47% AF078742 72 hEag1 frag. 2540-2889 AF078741 Y IC1-G2 86% to mouse 86% to rat 26% AF078742 75 rEag2 2152-2535 AF073891 Y IC1-G3 N.D. to mouse N.D. to rat 31% AF185637 76 rEag2 2540-2966 AF073891 Y IC1-G4 N.D. to mouse N.D. to rat 50% AF185637 77 hErg1 frag. 1204-1553 NM_000238 Y IC1-F9 89% to mouse 89% to rat 40% 78 hErg1 frag. 3131-3480 NM_000238 Y IC1-F11 88% to mouse 89% to rat 32% 79 rErg2 384-638 AF016192 Y IC1-G5 N.D. to mouse 87% to human 40% 80 rErg2 2576-2853 AF016192 Y IC1-G6 N.D. to mouse 77% to human 29% 81 hErg3 2980-3225 XM_029336 Y IC1-G7 84% to mouse 86% to rat 29% AF032897 82 rErg3 3227-3588 AF016191 N 94% to mouse 85% to human 25% 83 hGABA a1-21-236 NM_000806 Y IC1-F10 87% to mouse N.D. to rat 62% 84 hGABA a1 286-546 NM_000806 Y IC1-F12 90% to mouse N.D. to rat 75% 85 hGABA a2-12-234 XM_003470 Y IC1-G8 84% to mouse N.D. to rat 45% 86 hGABA a2 236-505 XM_003470 Y IC1-G9 92% to mouse N.D. to rat 76% 87 hGABA a3 5-281 XM_013073 Y IC1-G10 81% to mouse 82% to rat 37% 88 hGABA a3 313-619 XM_013073 Y IC1-G11 91% to mouse 89% to rat 72% 89 hGABA a4 10-210 U30461 Y IC1-G12 N.D. to mouse 87% to rat 45% 90 hGABA a4 1126-1345 U30461 Y IC1-H5 N.D. to mouse 74% to rat 30% 91 hGABA a5 4-252 XM_012441 Y IC1-H6 N.D. to mouse 88% to rat 70% 92 hGABA a5 381-708 XM_012441 Y IC1-H7 N.D. to mouse 77% to rat 46% 93 hGABA a6 1-306 NM_000811 Y IC1-H8 74% to mouse 82% to rat 63% 94 hGABA a6 987-1241 NM_000811 Y IC1-H9 77% to mouse 77% to rat 28% 95 hGABA b1 814-1058 XM_003519 Y IC1-H10 87% to mouse 87% to rat 45% NM_000812 96 hGABA b1 1005-1346 XM_003519 Y IC1-H11 79% to mouse 76% to rat 43% 97 hGABA b2-12-288 A28108 Y IC1-H12 93% to mouse 93% to rat 65% 98 hGABA b2 318-587 A28108 Y IC2-A1 90% to mouse 90% to rat 83% 99 hGABA b3-15-293 M82919 Y IC2-A2 95% to mouse 96% to rat 64% 100 hGABA b3 306-597 M82919 Y IC2-A3 95% to mouse 94% to rat 81% 101 hGABA g2-46-272 NM_000816 Y IC2-A4 85% to mouse N.D. to rat 45% (rat) 102 hGABA g2 292-574 NM_000816 Y IC2-A5 91% to mouse N.D. to rat 71% (rat) 103 h_nAChRa1 5-312 XM_010902 Y IC2-A6 84% to mouse 83% to rat 47% (est: 4124038) 104 h_nAChRa1 315-635 XM_010902 Y IC2-A7 89% to mouse 90% to rat 55% (est: 4124038) 105 h_nAChRa2 145-403 XM_005115 Y IC2-A8 N.D. to mouse 81% to rat 68% 106 h_nAChRa2 1102-1420 XM_005115 N N.D. to mouse 62% to rat 29% 107 h_nAChRa3 114-388 X53559 N N.D. to mouse 89% to rat 66% 108 h_nAChRa3 999-1279 X53559 N N.D. to mouse 89% to rat 47% 109 h_nAChRa4 83-318 XM_009448 N 86% to mouse 89% to rat 70% 110 h_nAChRa4 342-720 XM_009448 Y IC2-A9 84% to mouse 90% to rat 81% 111 h_nAChRa5 306-573 XM_007577 N 80% to mouse 81% to rat 48% 112 h_nAChRa5 799-1122 XM_007577 N 79% to mouse 80% to rat 33% 113 h_nAChRa6 555-804 XM_005283 Y IC2-A10 83% to mouse 85% to rat 63% (est: 4338800) 114 h_nAChRa6 882-1146 XM_005283 Y IC2-A11 75% to mouse 74% to rat 60% (est: 4338800) 115 h_nAChRa7-27-297 Y08420 HSU62436 Y IC2-A12 84% to mouse 84% to rat 40% 116 h_nAChRa7 360-578 Y08420 HSU62436 Y IC2-B1 91% to mouse 88% to rat 48% 117 h_nAChRb1 1065-1323 NM_000747 Y IC2-B2 80% to mouse 76% to rat 29% (est: 3874415) 118 h_nAChRb1 1329-1634 NM_000747 Y IC2-B3 51% to mouse 59% to rat 31% (est: 3874415) 119 h_nAChRb2 68-349 X53179 Y IC2-B4 89% to mouse 88% to rat 61% 120 h_nAChRb2 371-710 X53179 Y IC2-B5 91% to mouse 89% to rat 70% 121 h_nAChRb3 58-321 U62438 N N.D. to mouse 85% to rat 38% 122 h_nAChRb3 1067-1373 U62438 N N.D. to mouse 75% to rat 32% 123 h_nAChRb4 771-1029 U48861 Y IC2-B6 N.D. to mouse 89% to rat 88% (est: 4126725) 124 h_nAChRb4 1044-1338 U48861 Y IC2-B7 N.D. to mouse 64% to rat 38% (est: 4126725) 125 rAsic-1a 1-350 U94403 Y IC2-B8 59% 126 rAsic-1b 1-350 AJ006519 Y IC2-B9 49% 127 rAsic-1a/1b 1282-1581/ AJ006519/U94403 Y IC2-B10 43% 1243-1542 128 rAsic2a 1-350 U53211 Y IC2-B11 59% 129 rAsic2b 1-350 Y14635 Y IC2-B12 29% 130 rAsic-2a/2b 1240-1539/ U53211/Y14635 Y IC2-C1 48% 1393-1692 131 rAsic-3 35-350 AF013598 Y IC2-C2 51% 132 rAsic-3 1303-1579 AF013598 Y IC2-C3 40% 133 rAsic-4 5-305 AJ271642 Y IC2-C4 38% 134 rAsic-4 1321-1620 AJ271642 Y IC2-C5 42% 135 hBKb1 frag. 70-504 HSU42600 Y IC2-C6 82% to mouse 81% to rat 136 hGluR1 4-357 X58633 Y IC2-C7 90% to mouse 90% to rat 43% 137 hGluR1 1011-1283 X58633 Y IC2-C8 86% to mouse 86% to rat 52% 138 hGluR2 6-315 XM_011136 Y IC2-C9 93% to mouse 93% to rat 51% 139 hGluR2 593-850 XM_011136 Y IC2-C10 90% to mouse 91% to rat 59% 140 hGluR3 39-360 XM_047335 Y IC2-C11 93% to mouse 94% to rat 54% 141 hGluR3 547-834 XM_047335 Y IC2-C12 97% to mouse 96% to rat 51% 142 hGluR4 6-316 U16129 Y IC2-D1 92% to mouse 93% to rat 42% 143 hGluR4 1010-1267 U16129 Y IC2-D2 92% to mouse 93% to rat 61% 144 hGluR5 4-284 L19058 Y IC2-D3 92% to mouse 92% to rat 53% 145 hGluR5 434-734 L19058 Y IC2-D4 92% to mouse 90% to rat 66% 146 hGluR6 4-282 XM_011369 Y IC2-D5 87% to mouse 86% to rat 53% 147 hGluR6 701-1012 XM_011369 Y IC2-D6 91% to mouse 92% to rat 61% 148 rGluR7 9-415 M83552 Y IC2-D7 N.D. to mouse 91% to human 62% 149 rGluR7 819-1191 M83552 N N.D. to mouse 91% to human 66% 150 rKA1 1201-1536 NM_012572 N N.D. to mouse 92% to human 62% 151 rKA1 2551-2871 NM_012572 Y IC2-D8 N.D. to mouse 86% to human 36% 152 rKA2 6-316 NM_017262 Y IC2-G5 98% to mouse 92% to human 57% 153 rKA2 1119-1403 NM_017262 Y IC2-D9 96% to mouse 93% to human 50% 154 rNR1 8-423 NM_017010 Y IC2-D10 97% to mouse 89% to human 27% 155 rNR1 1832-2243 NM_017010 Y IC2-D11 95% to mouse 87% to human 38% 156 rNR2A 29-410 NM_012573 Y IC2-D12 98% to mouse 89% to human 43% 157 rNR2A 2898-3247 NM_012573 Y IC2-E1 97% to mouse 87% to human 27% 158 rNR2B 12-436 NM_012574 Y IC2-E2 97% to mouse 91% to human 44% 159 rNR2B 2910-3223 NM_012574 Y IC2-E3 97% to mouse 90% to human 30% 160 rNR2C 21-433 NM_012575 Y IC2-E4 94% to mouse 84% to human 39% 161 rNR2C 3138-3548 NM_012575 N 90% to mouse 76% to human 28% 162 rNR2D 112-470 D13213 Y IC2-E5 97% to mouse 91% to human 44% 163 rNR2D 3370-3693 D13213 N 95% to mouse 87% to human 32% 164 rNR3A 22-421 AF073379 Y IC2-E6 N.D. to mouse N.D to human 31% 165 rNR3A 1582-1989 AF073379 Y IC2-E7 N.D. to mouse N.D to human 38% 166 hNav1.1 729-1002 Y IC2-E8 N.D. to mouse 87% to rat 62% 167 hNav1.1 3363-3621 AF225985 Y IC2-E9 N.D. to mouse 83% to rat 64% 168 rNav1.2 1614-1921 X03639 Y IC2-E10 N.D. to mouse 83% to human 71% 169 rNav1.2 5757-6010 X03639 Y IC2-E11 N.D. to mouse 83% to human 62% 170 hNav1.3 1368-1660 XM_033676 Y IC2-E12 N.D. to mouse 81% to rat 64% AF035686 171 hNav1.3 5590-5848 XM_033676 Y IC2-F1 N.D. to mouse 89% to rat 67% AF035686 172 hNav1.4 2667-3048 M81758 Y IC2-F2 87% to mouse 88% to rat 40% 173 hNav1.4 5181-5508 M81758 Y IC2-F3 72% to mouse 74% to rat 35% 174 hNav1.5 3420-3714 M77235 Y IC2-F4 91% to mouse 92% to rat 64% 175 hNav1.5 5749-6050 M77235 Y IC2-F5 83% to mouse 83% to rat 36% 176 hNav1.6 3024-3396 AF225988 Y IC2-F6 86% to mouse 88% to rat 55% AB027567 177 hNav1.6 5653-5943 AF225988 Y IC2-F7 86% to mouse 82% to rat 48% AB027567 178 rNav1.7 2991-3346 AF000368 Y IC2-F8 26% to mouse 79% to human 59% 179 rNav1.7 4055-4299 AF000368 Y IC2-F9 29% to mouse 83% to human 62% 180 rNav1.8 3687-4038 X92184 Y IC2-F10 93% to mouse 80% to human 66% 181 rNav1.8 5583-5868 X92184 Y IC2-F11 89% to mouse 71% to human 34% 182 rNav1.9 1095-1393 AF059030 Y IC2-F12 94% to mouse 86% to human 54% 183 rNav1.9 3939-4342 AF059030 Y IC2-G1 90% to mouse 78% to human 58% 184 hKv1.1 L02750 N 185 hKv1.1 L02750 N 186 hKv1.2 NM_004974 N 187 hKv1.2 NM_004974 N 188 hKv1.3 6-258 L23499 Y IC2-G2 86% to mouse 86% to rat 49% 189 hKv1.3 1317-1560 L23499 Y IC2-G3 94% to mouse 95% to rat 41% 190 hKv1.4 XM_006314 N 191 hKv1.4 XM_006314 N 192 hKv1.5 NM_002234 N 193 hKv1.5 NM_002234 N 194 hKv1.6 XM_018513 N 195 hKv1.6 XM_018513 N 196 hKv1.7 AF315818 N 197 hKv1.7 AF315818 N 198 rTRPC1 1344-1755 AF061266 N 95% to mouse 89% to human 42% 199 rTRPC1 1846-2280 AF061266 N 93% to mouse 87% to human 41% 200 rTRPC2 1971-2279 AF136401 N 92% to mouse 85% to human 35% 201 rTRPC2 2323-2658 AF136401 N 89% to mouse 70% to human 28% 202 rTRPC3 858-1256 NM_021771 N 91% to mouse N.D. to human 66% to human 203 rTRPC3 1819-2203 NM_021771 N 97% to mouse N.D. to human 55% to human 204 rTRPC4 1995-2328 AF421363 N 93% to mouse 79% to human 47% 205 rTRPC4 2620-2934 AF421363 N 97% to mouse 83% to human 26% 206 rTRPC5 2004-2381 NM_080898 N 95% to mouse 87% to human 42% 207 rTRPC5 2460-2925 NM_080898 N 92% to mouse 90% to human 27% 208 rTRPC6 1357-1758 NM_053559 N 98% to mouse 92% to human 54% 209 rTRPC6 2335-2791 NM_053559 N 92% to mouse 86% to human 44% 210 hTRPC7 541-1152 NM_020389 N 95% to mouse N.D. to rat 67% to rat 211 hTRPC7 2196-2587 NM_020389 N 89% to mouse N.D. to rat 52% to rat 212 rTRPV1 905-1300 AF029310 N N.D. to mouse 86% to human 55% 213 rTRPV1 2193-2514 AF029310 N N.D. to mouse 79% to human 39% 214 rTRPV2 663-974 AF129113 N 90% to mouse 81% to human 55% 215 rTRPV2 1431-1869 AF129113 N 92% to mouse 74% to human 48% 216 rTRPV4 1604-1995 NM_023970 N 93% to mouse 88% to human 48% 217 rTRPV4 2304-2606 NM_023970 N 93% to mouse 80% to human 40% 218 rTRPV5 836-1359 NM_053787 N N.D. to mouse 77% to human 68% 219 rTRPV5 1819-2163 NM_053787 N N.D. to mouse 75% to human 38% 220 rTRPV6 854-1377 NM_053686 N 93% to mouse 85% to human 68% 221 rTRPV6 1841-2168 NM_053686 N 95% to mouse 75% to human 38% 222 hTRPM2 3191-3532 NM_003307 N 82% to mouse N.D. to rat 41% 223 hTRPM2 3842-4147 NM_003307 N 74% to mouse N.D. to rat 33% 224 hTRPM3 2147-2476 XM_036123 N N.D. to mouse N.D. to rat 28% 225 hTRPM3 2602-2967 XM_036123 N N.D. to mouse N.D. to rat 28% 226 hTRPM4 1759-2061 AY046396 N N.D. to mouse N.D. to rat 50% 227 hTRPM4 2739-3104 AY046396 N N.D. to mouse N.D. to rat 38% 228 hTRPM5 1333-1814 NM_014555 N 78% to mouse N.D. to rat 41% 229 hTRPM5 2223-2567 NM_014555 N 88% to mouse N.D. to rat 58% 230 hTRPM6 3871-4172 AF350881 N N.D. to mouse N.D. to rat 28% 231 hTRPM6 4712-5096 AF350881 N N.D. to mouse N.D. to rat 28% 232 hTRPM7 1974-2477 XM_030709 N 90% to mouse N.D. to rat 45% 233 hTRPM7 3640-4042 XM_030709 N 84% to mouse N.D. to rat 26%

[0141] Abbreviations in Table 1:

[0142] h: human

[0143] r: rat

[0144] m: mouse

[0145] IK: intermediate-conductance, Ca²⁺-activated K-channel

[0146] SK: small conductance, Ca²⁺-activated K-channel

[0147] CIC: voltage-dependent chloride channel

[0148] CIic: chloride intracellular channel

[0149] CICa: calcium-activated chloride channel

[0150] KCNQ: voltage-dependent, non-inactivating K-channel, subtype Q

[0151] KCNE: beta subunit of voltage-dependent, non-inactivating K-channel, subtype Q

[0152] Elk: voltage-dependent K-channel, subtype Elk

[0153] Eag: voltage-dependent K-channel, subtype Eag (ether-a-go-go)

[0154] Erg: voltage-dependent K-channel, subtype Erg (ether-a-go-go-related gene)

[0155] GABA: GABA (gamma aminobutyric acid)-gated chloride channel

[0156] NAChR: nicotinic acethylcholine receptor

[0157] Asic: acid sensing ion channel

[0158] BK: big conductance, Ca²⁺-activated K-channelGluR: AMPA-sensitive glutamate-gated cation channel

[0159] KA: Kanaite sensitive, glutamate-gated cation channel

[0160] NR: N-methyl-D-aspartate-sensitive, glutamate-gated cation channel

[0161] Nav: voltage-dependent sodium channel

[0162] Kv: voltage-dependent potassium channel

[0163] TRPC: transient-receptor-potential-gated cation channel, subfamily C

[0164] TRPV: transient-receptor-potential-gated cation channel, subfamily V

[0165] TRPM: transient-receptor-potential-gated cation channel, subfamily M

[0166] Table 2 shows the primers used for the PCR amplification of three regions identified. TABLE 2 Fragment Acc. No. Sense Antisense hKCNE-1 frag. 1-399 M26685 atgcccaggatgat tcatggggaaggctt cctgtctaacacc cgtctcaggaag hClic-1 frag. 1-350 NM_001288 atggctgaagaaca taggcagaaaatttg accgcaggtc gcaaatatgt hClC-2 frag. 1-350 AF026004 atggcggccgcgg tgcagacaggcag cggcggaggaa caatggcatagt

Example 8

[0167] Control Spots on the Array

[0168] In addition to the use for the generation of Ion channel expression profiles, two of the spots of the array produced in Example 7, viz. two IK ion channel family member regions, serve as control spots used to validate the functionality of the array. The array is contacted with a) a polynucleotide sample obtained from a biological material of non-transfected HEK293 cells and b) a polynucleotide sample obtained from a biological material of HEK293 cells transfected with a vector comprising the polynucleotide encoding the IK ion channel. The polynucleotide samples were prepared and processed as described in Example 6. The functionality of the array is confirmed by a negative determination in situation a) and a positive determination in situation b) for the spots involved. The results are shown in Table 3. DF means detection factor and expresses the amount of sample polynucleotide bound to a spot. A value of above about 4 indicates that the amount of polynucleotide in the sample has been sufficient to give a reliable measurement. The mean ratio is the mean ratio of the measurements of sample a) to the measurements of sample b) expressing the level of polynucleotide upregulation. Each spot is present in duplicate, and the measurements and DF's are given in for both spots in a duplicate pair. As will appear from the results, for both control spots the response is strongly upregulated for the sample originating from the transfected cells and the response of the sample originating from the non-transfected cells is approximately zero. TABLE 3 Ion channel family Sam- Sam- Sam- Sam- Mean member ple ple ple ple Norm and region a)1 a)2 b)1 b)2 Ratio DF1 DF2 hIK 1-404 62.00 18.00 2890.00 2986.00 125.33 12.49 11.13 hIK 154- −26.00 1.00 908.00 1123.00 684.05 3.59 4.34 1284

Example 9

[0169] This Example describes the embodiment of the invention, wherein the ion channel family member polynucleotide region is present as sense and anti-sense single strands in separate spots.

[0170] The array described in Examples 7 and 8 was supplemented with four additional spots comprising sense and antisense single strands for the polynucleotide regions HulK 154-1284 and HulK 154-777, cf. spot 4 and 5 of Table 1. The array is contacted with a) a polynucleotide sample obtained from a biological material of non-transfected HEK293 cells and b) a polynucleotide sample obtained from a biological material of HEK293 cells transfected with a vector comprising the polynucleotide encoding the IK ion channel family member. The polynucleotide samples were prepared and processed as described in Example 6. Table 4 shows the results. As will appear from the results the response of the antisense spots is approximately zero indicating no binding of sample polynucleotide. Also, the response of the sense spots is strong and the upregulation for the sample originating from the transfected cells in relation to the non-transfected cells is higher for the sense spots than for the corresponding spots containing double-stranded polynucleotides. Furthermore, the detection factors for the sense spots are much higher than the detection factors for the corresponding spots containing double-stranded polynucleotides indicating a higher level of binding of sample polynucleotide. TABLE 4 Ion channel family member Sample Sample Sample Mean Norm and region a)1 a)2 b)1 Sample b)2 Ratio DF1 DF2 hIK 154-1284 −26.00 1.00 908.00 1123.00 684.05 3.59 4.34 hIK 154-1284 −15.50 9.50 9984.50 11690.00 1104.54 42.17 46.79 Sense strands hIK 154-1284 −5.50 −37.50 26.00 31.50 3.27 0.06 0.00 Antisense str. hIK 154-777 −2.00 7.00 242.00 234.50 90.68 0.83 0.69 hIK 154-777 66.00 −9.00 5564.00 5887.50 435.94 30.49 22.88 Sense strands HuIK 154-777 61.50 −43.50 66.50 17.50 0.87 0.43 −0.05 Antisense str. 

1. An ion channel array comprising a multiplicity of individual ion channel polynucleotide spots stably associated with a surface of a solid support, wherein an individual ion channel polynucleotide spot comprises an ion channel polynucleotide composition comprising a non-conserved region of an ion channel polynucleotide family member, the spots representing at least two different regions of an ion channel polynucleotide family member.
 2. The array according to claim 1, wherein the multiplicity of individual spots represents at least two different ion channel polynucleotide family members and/or at least two different ion channel families.
 3. The array according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the non-conserved regions of the ion channel polynucleotide family member have less than 90% intrafamily identity.
 4. The array according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the non-conserved regions of the ion channel polynucleotide family member have less than 85% intrafamily identity.
 5. The array according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the non-conserved regions of the ion channel polynucleotide family member have less than 80% intrafamily identity.
 6. The array according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the non-conserved regions of the ion channel polynucleotide family member have less than 75% intrafamily identity.
 7. The array according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the non-conserved regions of the ion channel polynucleotide family member have less than 50% intrafamily identity.
 8. The array according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the non-conserved regions of the ion channel polynucleotide family member have at least 50% interspecies identity.
 9. The array according to claim 8, wherein the non-conserved regions of the ion channel family member have at least 60% interspecies identity.
 10. The array according to claim 9, wherein the non-conserved regions of the ion channel family member have at least 65% interspecies identity.
 11. The array according to claim 10, wherein the non-conserved regions of the ion channel family member have at least 70% interspecies identity.
 12. The array according to claim 11, wherein the non-conserved regions of the ion channel family member have at least 75% interspecies identity.
 13. The array according to claim 12, wherein the non-conserved regions of the ion channel family member have at least 80% interspecies identity.
 14. The array according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the non-conserved regions of the ion channel polynucleotide family member have an average length of from about 3 to about 9,000 nucleotides, from about 3 to about 6,000, from about 3 to about 3,000, from about 200 to 750, from about 200 to 700, from about 200 to 500, from about 250 to 400 or from about 290 to
 350. 15. The array according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said different regions of an ion channel polynucleotide family member are polynucleotide regions from the same polynucleotide strand and the regions are at least non-overlapping polynucleotide regions of the strand.
 16. The array according to any of the preceding claims, wherein an ion channel polynucleotide family is polynucleotides encoding polypeptides involved in transporting the same species of ions across biological membranes.
 17. The array according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the ion channel polynucleotide family is selected from the group consisting of voltage-gated ion channels, Gap-junction ion channels, ligand-gated ion channels, heat-activated ion channels, intracellular ion channels, ion channel gated by intracellular ligands such as cyclic nucleotide-gated channels or calcium-activated ion channels and any other polynucleotides encoding polypeptides capable of transporting ions across biological membranes.
 18. The array according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the polynucleotide composition comprises one or more of the same non-conserved region of an ion channel polynucleotide family member.
 19. The array according to claim 18, wherein the polynucleotide composition comprises one or more of the same non-conserved region in the single stranded or double stranded form.
 20. The array according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the non-conserved region of an ion channel polynucleotide family member is of DNA, RNA, cDNA, natural, synthetic, semisynthetic origin or is a chemical analogous such as LNA and PNA.
 21. The array according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the non-conserved region of an ion channel polynucleotide family member is obtained from one or more biological materials such as, e.g., an organism, an organ, a tissue, a cell or a biological material produced by a cell culture.
 22. The array according to claim 21, wherein the biological material is an organism, such as a microorganism, a plant, a fungus or an animal.
 23. The array according to claim 22, wherein the biological material is an animal.
 24. The array according to claim 23, wherein the animal is selected from the group consisting of humans, rats, mice, pigs, cows, horses, dogs, guinea pigs, ferrets, rabbits, apes, monkeys, cats and sheep.
 25. The array according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the solid support is made of a flexible or rigid material.
 26. The array according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said array comprises from about 2 to about 100,000 such as, e.g. from about 2 to about 50,000, from about 10 to about 25,000, from about 100 to about 10,000, from about 100 to about 5,000, from about 100 to about 1,000, from about 400 to about 600 or about 500 ion channel polynucleotide spots, or at least 2 such as, e.g. at least 10, at least 25, at least 50, at least 100, at least 300, at least 400, at least 500 or at least 600 spots.
 27. The array according-to-any of the preceding claims, wherein at least one non-conserved polynucleotide region is present in the form of sense single-strands in a spot.
 28. The array according to claim 27, wherein said non-conserved polynucleotide region is further present in the form of antisense single-strands in a separate spot.
 29. A method of preparing an array according to any of the preceding claims, said method comprising a) generating said non-conserved regions of ion channel polynucleotide family members, b) preparing a multiplicity of compositions each comprising at least a non-conserved region, and c) stably associating said compositions in individual spots on a surface of a solid support.
 30. The method according to claim 29, wherein each said non-conserved region of an ion channel polynucleotide family member is produced by one or more primers specific for said non-conserved region.
 31. A set of primers specific for non-conserved regions of ion channel polynucleotide family members, wherein the set of primers are used in the method according to any of the claims 29-30 for the production of an array according to any of the claims 1-28.
 32. A method for the determination of an ion channel polynucleotide expression profile in a biological material, said method comprising a) obtaining a polynucleotide sample from the biological material, b) labelling said sample to obtain a labelled target polynucleotide sample, c) contacting at least one labelled target polynucleotide sample with an array according to any of the claims 1-28 under conditions which are sufficient to produce a hybridisation pattern, and d) detecting said hybridisation pattern to obtain the ion channel polynucleotide expression profile of the biological material.
 33. A method for the determination of a difference in ion channel polynucleotide expression profiles from at least a first and a second different biological material, said method comprising obtaining a first ion channel expression profile of the first biological material according to the method of claim 32, obtaining a second ion channel expression profile of the second biological material according to the method of claim 32, comparing the first and the second ion channel expression profiles to identify any difference in the ion channel expression profiles between the first and the second ion channel expression profiles.
 34. The method according to any of the claims 32-33, wherein the first and the second biological material are of the same kind of biological material.
 35. The method according to the claims 32-34, wherein the first biological material is in a non-stressed state and the second biological material is in a stressed state.
 36. The method according to the claim 35, wherein the stress directly or indirectly influence the ion channel expression profile of the first and/or the second biological material.
 37. The method according to any of the claims 32-36, wherein the ion channel polynucleotide family is selected from the group consisting of voltage-gated ion channels, Gap-junction ion channels, ligand-gated ion channels, heat-actvated ion channels, intracellular ion channels, ion channel gated by intracellular ligands such as cyclic nucleotide-gated channels or calcium-activated ion channels and any other polynucleotides encoding polypeptides capable of transporting ions across biological membranes.
 38. The method according to claim 37, wherein the ion channel expression profile of the second biological sample is directly or indirectly related to a disease, chemical treatment, biological sample or parts in a biological sample treatment, environmental influences or other physiological or patophysiological changes.
 39. The method according to claim 38, wherein the chemical treatment is selected from the group consisting of naturally occurring chemical entities or synthetically derived chemical entities.
 40. The method according to claim 38, wherein the disease is selected from the group consisting of asthma, cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and rhinorrhea, convulsions, vascular spasms, coronary artery spasms, renal disorders, polycystic kidney disease, bladder spasms, urinary incontinence, bladder outflow obstruction, irritable bowel syndrome, gastrointestinal dysfunction, secretory diarrhoea, ischaemia, cerebral ischaemia, ischaemic hearth disease, angina pectoris, coronary hearth disease, traumatic brain injury, psychosis, anxiety, depression, dementia, memory and attention deficits, drug addiction and/or abuse, including cocaine or tobacco abuse, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, dysmenorrhea, narcolepsy, Reynaud's disease, intermittent claudication, Sjorgren's syndrome, migraine, arrhythmia, hypertension, absence seizures, myotonic muscle dystrophia, xerostomi, diabetes type II, hyperinsulinemia, premature labour, baldness, cancer, schizofrenia or psychosis; a variety of disorders associated with the neural system, for example eating disorders, obsessive compulsive disorders, panic disorders, alcoholism, pain, memory deficits and anxiety including disorders such as pseudodementia or Ganser's syndrome, migraine pain, bulimia, obesity, pre-menstrual syndrome or late luteal phase syndrome, post-traumatic syndrome, memory loss, memory dysfunction, social phobia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, chronic fatigue syndrome, premature ejaculation, erectile difficulty, anorexia nervosa, disorders of sleep, autism, mutism, trichotillomania or mood syndrome; auto-immune diseases, e.g. Addison's disease, alopecia areata, Ankylosing spondylitis, haemolytic anemia (anemia haemolytica), pernicious anemia (anemia pemiciosa), aphthae, aphthous stomatitis, arthritis, arteriosclerotic disorders, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, aspermiogenese, asthma bronchiale, auto-immune asthma, auto-immune hemolysis, Bechet's disease, Boeck's disease, inflammatory bowel disease, Burkitt's lymphoma, Chron's disease, choriolditis, colitis ulcerosa, Coeliac disease, cryoglo-bulinemia, dermatitis herpetiformis, dermatomyositis, insulin-dependent type I diabetes, juvenile diabetes, idiopathic diabetes insipidus, insulin-dependent diabetes mellisis, auto-immune demyelinating diseases, Dupuytren's contracture, encephalo-myelitis, encephalomyelitis allergica, endophthalmia phacoanaphylactica, enteritis allergica, auto-immune enteropathy syndrome, erythema nodosum leprosum, idiopathic facial paralysis, chronic fatigue syndrome, febris rheumatica, glomerulo nephritis, Goodpasture's syndrome, Graves' disease, Hamman-Rich's disease, Hashimoto's disease, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, sudden hearing loss, sensoneural hearing loss, hepatitis chronica, Hodgkin's disease, haemoglobinuria paroxysmatica, hypogonadism, ileitis regionalis, iritis, leucopenia, leucemia, lupus erythematosus disseminatus, systemic lupus erythematosus, cutaneous lupus erythematosus, lymphogranuloma malignum, mononucleosis infectiosa, myasthenia gravis, traverse myelitis, primary idiopathic myxedema, nephrosis, ophthalmia symphatica, orchitis granulomatosa, pancreatitis, pemphigus, pemphigus vulgaris, pqlyarteritis nodosa, polyarthritis chronica primaria, polymyositis, polyradiculitis acuta, psoreasis, purpura, pyoderma gangrenosum, Quervain's thyreoiditis, Reiter's syndrome, sarcoidosis, ataxic sclerosis, progressive systemic sclerosis, scleritis, sclerodermia, multiple sclerosis, sclerosis disseminata, acquired spenic atrophy, infertility due to antispermatozoan antibodies, thrombocytopenia, idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura, thymoma, acute anterior uveitis, vitiligo, AIDS, HIV, SCID and Epstein Barr virus associated diseases such as Sjorgren's syndrome, virus (AIDS or EBV) associated B cell lymphoma, parasitic diseases such as Lesihmania, and immunosuppressed disease states such as viral infections following allograft transplantations, graft vs. Host syndrome, transplant rejection, or AIDS, cancers, chronic active hepatitis diabetes, toxic chock syndrome, food poisoning, and transplant rejection.
 41. A method for identifying a therapeutic, prophylactic and/or toxic agent involved in a direct or indirect action on the ion channel expression profile in a biological material, said method comprises obtaining a first ion channel expression profile of a first biological material according to the method of claim 32, obtaining a second ion channel expression profile of a-second biological material according to the method of claim 32, applying a test compound to the second biological material and obtaining a third ion channel expression profile thereof according to the method of claim 32, comparing the first, second and third ion channel expression profiles, and identifying any differences in the ion channel expression profiles so as to identify any biological response of the test compound on the ion channel expression profile.
 42. The method according to claim 41 further comprising applying a test compound to the first biological material and obtaining a fourth ion channel expression profile thereof according to the method of claim 32, comparing the first, second, third and fourth ion channel expression profiles, and identifying any differences in the ion channel expression profiles so as to identify any biological response of the test compound on the ion channel expression profile.
 43. The method according to claims 41 or 42, wherein the first and the second biological material are of the same kind of biological material.
 44. The method according to the claims 40-43, wherein the first biological material is in a non-stressed state and the second biological material is in a stressed state.
 45. The method according to the claim 44, wherein the stress directly or indirectly influences the ion channel expression profile of the first and/or the second biological material.
 46. The method according to any of the claims 41-45, wherein the ion channel polynucleotide family is selected from the group consisting of voltage-gated ion channels, Gap-junction ion channels, ligand-gated ion channels, heat-activated ion channels, intracellular ion channels, ion channel gated by intracellular ligands such as cyclic nucleotide-gated channels or calcium-activated ion channels and any other polynucleotides encoding polypeptides capable of transporting ions across biological membranes.
 47. The method according to claim 46, wherein the ion channel expression profile of the second biological material is direct or indirect measure of a diseased state, a chemical pretreatment, or environmental influences or other physiological or pathophysiological changes.
 48. The method according to claim 47, wherein the disease is selected from the same group as defined in claim
 40. 49. The method according to any of the claims 41-48, wherein the test compound is a chemical or biological derived compound such as compounds selected from the group consisting of therapeutic, prophylactic and/or toxic chemical entities, physiologically chemical entities, hormones, vitamins, nutrients, pesticides, fungicides, bateriocides and any other organic chemical entity.
 50. The method according to any of the claims 32-49, wherein about 100 μg or less of total RNA of the biological material is used for hybridisation on each individual ion channel polynucleotide spot.
 51. A diagnostic method to determine the differences of ion channel expression profiles between two biological materials; said method comprises obtaining a first ion channel expression profile of a first biological material according to the method of claim 32, obtaining a second ion channel expression profile of a second biological material according to the method of claim 32, comparing the first and second ion channel expression profile, and identifying any difference in the ion channel expression profiles.
 52. The diagnostic method according to claim 51, wherein the difference between the ion channel expression profile of the first and the second ion channel expression profile is directly or indirectly influenced by a patophysiological state or a disease such as diseases claimed in claim
 40. 53. The diagnostic method according to claim 52, wherein the ion channel expression profile from more than two different biological materials are compared, such as biological materials, which are in different stages of a disease.
 54. The method according to any of the claims 32-53, wherein the biological material is an organism, such as a microorganism, a plant, a fungus or an animal.
 55. The method according to claim 54, wherein the animal is selected from the group consisting of humans, rats, mice, pigs, cows, horses, dogs, guinea pigs, ferrets, rabbits, apes, monkeys, cats and sheep.
 56. An ion channel kit for use in a hybridisation assay, said kit comprising an ion channel array according to any of claims 1-28.
 57. The ion channel kit according to claim 56, wherein said kit further comprises reagents for generating a labelled target polynucleotide sample.
 58. The ion channel kit according to the claims 56-57, wherein said kit further comprises a hybridisation buffer. 